Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
6 cards from real ARDMS ECHO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Congenital Heart Disease flashcards as text
Which echocardiographic view best visualizes a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD)?
Answer: Subcostal four-chamber and off-axis views
Subcostal views orient the ultrasound beam perpendicular to the interatrial septum, providing the most reliable detection of secundum ASDs.
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) with left-to-right shunt produces which hemodynamic finding on echo?
Answer: LV and LA volume overload
Left-to-right VSD shunting causes increased pulmonary flow returning to the left heart, resulting in LV and LA volume overload.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is best assessed using which Doppler approach?
Answer: High parasternal or suprasternal notch view with color and CW Doppler
PDA is best imaged from the high parasternal or suprasternal notch, where color Doppler shows continuous flow from aorta to pulmonary artery.
In tetralogy of Fallot, which four cardiac defects are present?
Answer: VSD, RVOT obstruction, aortic override, RV hypertrophy
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of a large VSD, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, overriding aorta, and RV hypertrophy.
What does the Qp:Qs ratio represent in the assessment of intracardiac shunts?
Answer: Ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (shunt fraction)
Qp:Qs compares pulmonary to systemic flow; a ratio >1.5:1 typically indicates a hemodynamically significant left-to-right shunt.
Ebstein's anomaly is characterized by which echocardiographic finding?
Answer: Apical displacement of the tricuspid valve septal leaflet by ≥8 mm/m²
Ebstein's anomaly is defined by apical displacement of the tricuspid septal and posterior leaflets ≥8 mm/m² BSA, 'atrialization' the RV.