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Cardiac Measurements and Calculations Flashcards

6 cards from real ARDMS ECHO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Cardiac Measurements and Calculations flashcards as text

  1. What is the normal range for left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in adults?

    Answer: 4.2–5.9 cm

    The normal LVEDD in adults is approximately 4.2–5.9 cm as measured by 2D-guided M-mode echocardiography.

  2. Which formula is used to calculate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using the biplane method of disks?

    Answer: Simpson's biplane method

    Simpson's biplane method of disks (modified Simpson's rule) is the recommended 2D method for LVEF calculation.

  3. What does the E/e' ratio estimate in echocardiography?

    Answer: Left ventricular filling pressures

    The E/e' ratio (mitral inflow E velocity divided by tissue Doppler e' velocity) is used to estimate left ventricular filling pressures.

  4. Using the continuity equation, aortic valve area (AVA) is calculated as:

    Answer: LVOT area × LVOT VTI / AV VTI

    The continuity equation states AVA = (LVOT cross-sectional area × LVOT VTI) / AV VTI.

  5. What is the normal interventricular septal (IVS) thickness at end-diastole?

    Answer: 0.6–1.0 cm

    Normal IVS thickness at end-diastole ranges from 0.6 to 1.0 cm; values ≥1.1 cm suggest hypertrophy.

  6. The fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle is calculated as:

    Answer: (LVEDD − LVESD) / LVEDD × 100%

    Fractional shortening = (LVEDD − LVESD) / LVEDD × 100%, with a normal range of approximately 25–45%.