Cardiac Measurements and Calculations Flashcards
6 cards from real ARDMS ECHO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Cardiac Measurements and Calculations flashcards as text
What is the normal mitral valve area (MVA) in adults?
Answer: 4.0–6.0 cm²
The normal mitral valve area in adults is 4.0–6.0 cm²; severe mitral stenosis is defined as MVA ≤1.0 cm².
The pressure half-time (PHT) method calculates mitral valve area using which formula?
Answer: MVA = 220 / PHT
MVA = 220 / PHT (ms), where PHT is the time for the mitral E-wave peak pressure gradient to fall by half.
In M-mode echocardiography, the E-point septal separation (EPSS) reflects:
Answer: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
An EPSS >7 mm indicates reduced LV systolic function, as the dilated LV prevents the mitral valve from approaching the septum.
Which index is used to assess right ventricular function and is derived from tricuspid annular motion?
Answer: TAPSE (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion)
TAPSE measures the longitudinal displacement of the tricuspid annulus; a value <17 mm indicates RV systolic dysfunction.
What is the normal IVC diameter in a patient with normal right atrial pressure?
Answer: 50% collapse
A normal RAP (0–5 mmHg) correlates with IVC diameter 50% inspiratory collapse.
The myocardial performance index (Tei index) is calculated as:
Answer: (IVCT + IVRT) / ET
The Tei index = (isovolumic contraction time + isovolumic relaxation time) / ejection time, assessing combined systolic and diastolic function.