Cardiac Hemodynamics Flashcards
6 cards from real ARDMS ECHO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Cardiac Hemodynamics flashcards as text
Which Doppler measurement is used to calculate cardiac output in echocardiography?
Answer: Stroke volume × heart rate
Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying stroke volume (derived from LVOT VTI and diameter) by heart rate.
What does a restrictive filling pattern on mitral inflow Doppler indicate?
Answer: Grade III or IV diastolic dysfunction
A restrictive filling pattern (high E, low A, short deceleration time) corresponds to Grade III or IV (irreversible) diastolic dysfunction.
Using the continuity equation, if LVOT diameter is 2 cm, LVOT VTI is 20 cm, and aortic VTI is 80 cm, what is the aortic valve area?
Answer: 0.785 cm²
AVA = (π × r² × LVOT VTI) / Aortic VTI = (3.14 × 1² × 20) / 80 ≈ 0.785 cm².
What does the pressure half-time method estimate in echocardiography?
Answer: Mitral valve area
Pressure half-time (PHT = 220/MVA) estimates mitral valve area based on how quickly the diastolic pressure gradient equalizes.
Which formula estimates right atrial pressure to calculate pulmonary artery systolic pressure from TR jet velocity?
Answer: PASP = 4V² + RAP
PASP is estimated by adding right atrial pressure to the pressure gradient across the tricuspid valve using the simplified Bernoulli equation (4V²).
Which parameter best reflects LV filling pressures when the mitral E/e' ratio exceeds 14?
Answer: Elevated LV end-diastolic pressure
An E/e' ratio >14 (averaged medial and lateral) correlates with elevated LV filling pressures and diastolic dysfunction.