First Aid and CPR Flashcards

When performing CPR on a medium-sized dog, what is the correct ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths for a single rescuer?

Answer: 30 compressions to 2 breaths

According to the most recent RECOVER guidelines and recommendations from the American Heart Association for animal CPR, the correct ratio for a single rescuer is 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths. This ratio is consistent for most dogs and cats when professional intubation is not available.

You encounter a dog that has been hit by a car. It has pale gums, a rapid, weak pulse, and feels cold to the touch. Which of the following conditions is most likely developing?

Answer: Shock

The signs described—pale gums, a rapid and weak pulse, and a low body temperature (feeling cold)—are classic indicators of shock in an animal. Shock is a life-threatening condition caused by insufficient blood flow and oxygen to the tissues, often resulting from trauma.

Which of the following is the most appropriate first step when managing a heavily bleeding wound on a dog's leg?

Answer: Apply direct, firm pressure to the wound with a clean cloth

The immediate priority for severe bleeding is to control the blood loss. Applying direct and firm pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or sterile gauze is the most effective and safest initial action. Tourniquets should only be used as a last resort by trained professionals, and cleaning should wait until bleeding is controlled.

You are assessing an unconscious cat. You've checked and the airway is clear, but the cat is not breathing and you cannot detect a heartbeat. What is the recommended rate for chest compressions?

Answer: 100-120 compressions per minute

The recommended rate for chest compressions in both dogs and cats is 100 to 120 compressions per minute. This rate is crucial for maintaining blood circulation to vital organs during cardiac arrest.

A dog is actively choking on a toy. After attempting to sweep the object out with your fingers unsuccessfully, what is the next recommended action for a large dog that is still standing?

Answer: Perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)

For a choking dog where a finger sweep is ineffective, the next step is to perform abdominal thrusts, also known as the Heimlich maneuver. For a large dog, you would stand behind them, wrap your arms around their abdomen, make a fist, and give five rapid inward and upward thrusts.

When cleaning a minor, open wound on a dog, which of the following solutions is generally considered safest and most appropriate for initial flushing?

Answer: Warm tap water or saline solution

Warm tap water or a sterile saline solution is recommended for cleaning most minor wounds. Harsh substances like rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide can damage tissue and delay healing, while bleach is toxic.