Statistical Reasoning and Probability Flashcards
6 cards from real AQL practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Statistical Reasoning and Probability flashcards as text
What does a '95% confidence interval' mean in research?
Answer: If the study were repeated many times, 95% of the calculated intervals would contain the true population parameter
A 95% confidence interval means that if you repeated the sampling process many times, 95% of the resulting intervals would capture the true population value.
What does 'statistical significance' indicate?
Answer: The result is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, based on a chosen significance level
Statistical significance means the result exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., p < 0.05), indicating the result is unlikely due to random chance.
A survey of 50 people found 60% prefer Brand A. What is the number of people who prefer Brand A?
Answer: 30
60% of 50 = 0.60 × 50 = 30 people prefer Brand A.
What is a 'random sample' and why is it important?
Answer: Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection, which reduces bias and improves generalizability
Random sampling ensures every individual has an equal chance of being included, which minimizes selection bias and allows results to be generalized to the broader population.
If you flip a fair coin twice, what is the probability of getting heads both times?
Answer: 1/4
Each flip has a probability of 1/2; since the flips are independent, multiply: 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4.
What is a 'frequency distribution' used for in statistics?
Answer: To show how often each value or category occurs within a data set
A frequency distribution organizes data by listing each possible value (or range of values) alongside the number of times it occurs in the data set.