AP Computer Science Principles Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which of the following scenarios demonstrates abstraction being used to solve a problem?

A programmer memorizes all 10,000 lines of a library's source code before using it
A programmer avoids using functions to keep code in one place
A programmer calls `displayMap(city)` without knowing how the map is rendered (Correct answer)
A programmer uses only global variables to share data

Correct answer: A programmer calls `displayMap(city)` without knowing how the map is rendered

Calling `displayMap()` without knowing the rendering details is a direct application of abstraction.

Question 2: Why do programmers use abstraction when building large software systems?

To ensure programs can only run on one type of hardware
To prevent other developers from reading the code
To make programs run faster by removing all function calls
To manage complexity by hiding unnecessary details (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To manage complexity by hiding unnecessary details

Abstraction manages complexity by allowing programmers to focus on high-level design rather than low-level implementation details.

Question 3: Why should a programmer avoid hardcoding values directly into a program?

Programming languages don't support hardcoded values
Hardcoded values make programs run slower
Hardcoded values cause syntax errors
Using variables or constants makes programs easier to update and maintain (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Using variables or constants makes programs easier to update and maintain

Using named variables or constants instead of hardcoded values makes it easy to update the program in one place without hunting through all the code.

Question 4: Which of the following file types typically uses lossy compression?

BMP bitmap
FLAC audio
JPEG image (Correct answer)
PNG image

Correct answer: JPEG image

JPEG uses lossy compression that discards some image detail to achieve smaller file sizes, unlike PNG which is lossless.

Question 5: What is the role of a 'specification' in program development?

A tool that automatically fixes bugs
A list of all variables used in the program
A command that compiles code into machine language
A document that describes what a program should do before it is built (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A document that describes what a program should do before it is built

A specification defines the expected behavior, inputs, and outputs of a program, guiding development and testing.

Question 6: In a simulation model, what is the role of 'initial conditions'?

They store the final output of each simulation run
They define the programming language requirements
They set the starting state of the system before the simulation runs (Correct answer)
They determine how fast the simulation executes

Correct answer: They set the starting state of the system before the simulation runs

Initial conditions define the state of the system at time zero, which determines how the simulation evolves.

Question 7: What is a loop used for in programming?

To store data
To import libraries
To define variables
To repeat a block of code multiple times (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To repeat a block of code multiple times

Loops execute a block of code repeatedly until a condition is met, avoiding the need to write the same code multiple times.

Question 8: Crowdsourcing platforms allow companies to distribute small tasks to large numbers of online workers. Which impact is MOST associated with this model?

Guaranteed minimum wage for all participants
Reduction of global internet traffic
Increased job security for participants
Potential for low pay and lack of worker protections (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Potential for low pay and lack of worker protections

Crowdsourcing platforms often classify workers as contractors, bypassing labor protections and frequently offering very low compensation.

Question 9: A student shares a copyrighted movie using a peer-to-peer network. Which concept does this BEST relate to?

Intellectual property and digital piracy (Correct answer)
Bandwidth allocation
Network packet loss
DNS resolution failure

Correct answer: Intellectual property and digital piracy

Sharing copyrighted content without authorization constitutes digital piracy and violates intellectual property law.

Question 10: What does it mean for an abstraction to 'leak'?

Details that should be hidden become visible and must be handled by the user (Correct answer)
The source code is accessible to end users
The abstraction uses too much memory
The program crashes at runtime

Correct answer: Details that should be hidden become visible and must be handled by the user

A leaky abstraction is one where hidden implementation details surface and the caller must deal with them.

Question 11: A student creates a digital artwork and wants to allow others to use it freely, share it, but NOT for commercial purposes. Which license type fits best?

CC BY-NC (Correct answer)
CC BY-SA
Standard copyright
CC0 (Public Domain)

Correct answer: CC BY-NC

CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) allows free use and sharing but prohibits commercial use of the work.

Question 12: Which of the following represents an example of 'iterative refinement' in program development?

Repeatedly improving a program based on testing and feedback (Correct answer)
Copying code from another programmer
Writing a complete program before testing it
Using a loop to iterate over a list of numbers

Correct answer: Repeatedly improving a program based on testing and feedback

Iterative refinement means developing a program in cycles — write, test, evaluate, improve — rather than trying to get it perfect on the first attempt.

Question 13: Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a 'denial-of-service' (DoS) attack?

An intruder intercepts and reads private network traffic
Malware encrypts files and demands ransom
An attacker floods a server with requests until it cannot respond to legitimate users (Correct answer)
A hacker steals login credentials using a phishing email

Correct answer: An attacker floods a server with requests until it cannot respond to legitimate users

A DoS attack overwhelms a server or network with excessive traffic, consuming resources until legitimate requests can no longer be served.

Question 14: A web server at IP address 203.0.113.5 receives a request. Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles delivering this packet to the correct application on that server?

Transport layer (Correct answer)
Data link layer
Network layer
Physical layer

Correct answer: Transport layer

The transport layer uses port numbers to deliver data to the correct application process.

Question 15: What is the mode of: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 3, 6?

4
3 (Correct answer)
2
5

Correct answer: 3

The mode is the value that appears most frequently. The number 3 appears three times, more than any other value.

Question 16: A simulation of an epidemic uses the rule: 'An infected person has a 30% chance of infecting each neighbor per day.' What does the 30% value represent in the model?

A parameter that can be adjusted to test different scenarios (Correct answer)
The total number of infections that will occur
A hard-coded bug
The actual observed infection rate from real data only

Correct answer: A parameter that can be adjusted to test different scenarios

The 30% value is a model parameter that can be changed to explore how different infection rates affect the epidemic's spread.

Question 17: What is the process of elimination in multiple-choice testing?

Eliminating questions you don't know
Skipping every other question
Ruling out obviously incorrect answers to improve odds (Correct answer)
Removing your first answer

Correct answer: Ruling out obviously incorrect answers to improve odds

Process of elimination involves identifying and removing clearly wrong answers, increasing the probability of selecting the correct answer from remaining options.

Question 18: What is the primary purpose of professional certification in Digital Impact?

To increase salary automatically
To meet legal requirements only
To validate competency and knowledge in the field (Correct answer)
To replace practical experience

Correct answer: To validate competency and knowledge in the field

Certification validates that a professional has met established standards of knowledge and competency in Digital Impact.

Question 19: A simulation uses the equation: new_population = old_population × growth_rate. If growth_rate is set to 1.0, what happens to the population over time?

It grows exponentially
It oscillates between two values
It remains constant (Correct answer)
It decreases to zero

Correct answer: It remains constant

Multiplying by exactly 1.0 each step means the population never changes — it stays constant.

Question 20: What is the range of the data set: 3, 7, 1, 9, 5?

9
7
8 (Correct answer)
5

Correct answer: 8

Range = maximum value - minimum value = 9 - 1 = 8.

Question 21: Which traversal strategy visits all neighbors of a node before moving to the next level in a graph or tree?

Breadth-first search (Correct answer)
Binary search
Depth-first search
Linear search

Correct answer: Breadth-first search

Breadth-first search (BFS) explores all nodes at the current depth before advancing to nodes at the next depth level.

Question 22: How does a 'traceroute' utility help in diagnosing network problems?

It shows the encryption keys used during a connection
It blocks malicious traffic from reaching a device
It tests whether a remote server's files are intact
It lists every intermediate router a packet passes through on the way to a destination (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It lists every intermediate router a packet passes through on the way to a destination

Traceroute maps the path packets take across networks, showing each router hop and the time taken, helping identify where delays or failures occur.

Question 23: Which documentation practice best helps others understand a program's purpose?

Using only variable names like x, y, z
Compressing all code into a single line
Removing all comments to reduce file size
Writing comments that explain the 'why' behind complex logic (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Writing comments that explain the 'why' behind complex logic

Comments explaining the reasoning behind logic help future developers (and yourself) understand design decisions.

Question 24: A company collects user data without clearly disclosing how it will be used. Which principle of ethical data use does this violate?

Transparency (Correct answer)
Scalability
Interoperability
Redundancy

Correct answer: Transparency

Transparency requires that users are clearly informed about how their data is collected and used.

Question 25: The Internet Protocol (IP) is an abstraction that lets applications send data without worrying about the physical network. Which layer of the internet abstraction stack does IP belong to?

Transport layer
Physical layer
Application layer
Internet layer (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Internet layer

IP operates at the internet (network) layer, abstracting physical routing from applications.

Question 26: Which of the following scenarios illustrates 'net neutrality' being violated?

An ISP throttling video streaming services to favor its own content (Correct answer)
A website using HTTPS encryption
A user downloading large files on a shared network
An ISP offering free public Wi-Fi hotspots

Correct answer: An ISP throttling video streaming services to favor its own content

Net neutrality requires ISPs to treat all internet traffic equally; throttling competitors violates this principle.

Question 27: When a programmer uses a variable name like `totalScore` instead of a memory address, they are using:

A Boolean expression
A loop construct
A hardware interrupt
A naming abstraction that hides the physical memory location (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A naming abstraction that hides the physical memory location

Variable names are abstractions over physical memory addresses, making code readable and writable.

Question 28: During testing, a developer finds that the program works correctly for all tested inputs but fails on an untested edge case. This illustrates:

That edge cases are not important in real programs
That testing cannot guarantee the absence of all errors (Correct answer)
That the program is complete and correct
That the program should be rewritten entirely

Correct answer: That testing cannot guarantee the absence of all errors

Testing can reveal bugs but cannot prove a program is error-free for every possible input.

Question 29: What is a CDN (Content Delivery Network) and how does it improve internet performance?

A CDN stores copies of content on servers distributed globally so users retrieve data from a nearby server (Correct answer)
A CDN is a type of firewall that blocks malicious content before it reaches users
A CDN assigns unique IP addresses to every device on the internet
A CDN is a protocol that compresses video data during transmission

Correct answer: A CDN stores copies of content on servers distributed globally so users retrieve data from a nearby server

CDNs cache content on geographically distributed servers, reducing latency by serving users from a nearby location.

Question 30: What is 'latency' in a network context?

The number of hops a packet takes
The time delay between sending a request and receiving a response (Correct answer)
The amount of data lost during transmission
The maximum number of simultaneous connections

Correct answer: The time delay between sending a request and receiving a response

Latency is the time it takes for data to travel from the source to the destination, often measured in milliseconds.

Question 31: What is a 'test case' in software development?

A type of loop that repeats until an error occurs
A folder that stores program files
A comment block at the top of a file
A specific set of inputs used to verify a program produces expected outputs (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A specific set of inputs used to verify a program produces expected outputs

A test case defines known inputs and their expected outputs, allowing developers to verify program correctness systematically.

Question 32: A dataset of student GPAs has a mean of 3.2 and a median of 3.5. What does this suggest about the distribution?

The distribution is symmetric
The dataset has no variability
There are likely low outliers pulling the mean down (Correct answer)
There are likely high outliers pulling the mean up

Correct answer: There are likely low outliers pulling the mean down

When the mean is lower than the median, low-value outliers are pulling the mean down, creating a left-skewed (negatively skewed) distribution.

Question 33: Which best describes a 'Creative Commons' license?

A government program that funds creative projects
A license that prevents anyone from using the work
A type of copyright that expires after one year
A license that allows creators to specify which rights they reserve and which they grant to others (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A license that allows creators to specify which rights they reserve and which they grant to others

Creative Commons licenses let creators share works with specific conditions (e.g., attribution required, no commercial use), expanding legal reuse.

Question 34: Which of the following statements about digital data representation is TRUE?

Text files require more storage than equivalent image files
Colors can only be represented with 8-bit values
All digital data is ultimately represented as sequences of 0s and 1s (Correct answer)
Numbers must be stored differently than text at the hardware level

Correct answer: All digital data is ultimately represented as sequences of 0s and 1s

All digital data — whether text, images, audio, or video — is ultimately stored and processed as binary sequences of 0s and 1s.

Question 35: A bar chart compares the favorite sports of students in three different schools. What is the INDEPENDENT variable?

The number of students
The percentage of students
The sport chosen
The school (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The school

The school is the independent variable being compared across; the student counts for each sport are the dependent measurements within each school.

Question 36: What is the result of evaluating the Boolean expression: NOT (TRUE AND FALSE)?

FALSE
TRUE (Correct answer)
Undefined
NULL

Correct answer: TRUE

TRUE AND FALSE evaluates to FALSE, and NOT FALSE evaluates to TRUE.

Question 37: The condition (x > 0 OR y > 0) is TRUE when:

Neither x nor y is zero
Both x and y are negative
x equals y
At least one of x or y is positive (Correct answer)

Correct answer: At least one of x or y is positive

OR is TRUE when at least one operand is TRUE, so only one of the values needs to be positive.

Question 38: A color image is stored using 24-bit color (8 bits per channel for red, green, blue). How many distinct colors can it represent?

256
4,294,967,296
16,777,216 (Correct answer)
65,536

Correct answer: 16,777,216

24 bits total gives 2^24 = 16,777,216 distinct color combinations.

Question 39: Which of the following best describes the purpose of a flowchart during the design phase?

To execute the program automatically
To document completed code
To visually represent the logic and flow of a program before coding begins (Correct answer)
To measure program performance

Correct answer: To visually represent the logic and flow of a program before coding begins

Flowcharts map out the logical steps and decision points of a program visually, aiding planning before coding.

Question 40: What is encryption?

Converting data into coded format to prevent unauthorized access (Correct answer)
Deleting data
Backing up data
Compressing files

Correct answer: Converting data into coded format to prevent unauthorized access

Encryption transforms readable data into unreadable ciphertext using algorithms and keys, ensuring only authorized parties can access the information.

Question 41: Which of the following is an example of how computing has had a NEGATIVE impact on employment?

Remote work opportunities enabled by the internet
E-learning platforms expanding educational access
Automation replacing routine manufacturing jobs (Correct answer)
New jobs created in software engineering

Correct answer: Automation replacing routine manufacturing jobs

Automation driven by computing has displaced workers in routine manufacturing and clerical roles, creating economic disruption.

Question 42: What does 'bandwidth' refer to in the context of computer networks?

The number of devices connected to a network
The maximum amount of data that can be transmitted per unit of time (Correct answer)
The physical width of a network cable
The distance a signal can travel without repeating

Correct answer: The maximum amount of data that can be transmitted per unit of time

Bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a network path, typically measured in bits per second (bps).

Question 43: Which practice best supports collaborative program development?

Keeping all code in a single file
Avoiding comments so team members read the code directly
Using version control so team members can track and merge changes (Correct answer)
Having only one person write all the code

Correct answer: Using version control so team members can track and merge changes

Version control systems like Git allow multiple developers to work simultaneously and merge changes without losing progress.

Question 44: An attacker intercepts communication between two parties and secretly relays or alters messages. This is called a:

Replay attack
SQL injection attack
Man-in-the-middle attack (Correct answer)
Denial-of-service attack

Correct answer: Man-in-the-middle attack

A man-in-the-middle attack involves an attacker secretly intercepting and possibly altering communications between two parties.

Question 45: Which scenario BEST demonstrates the concept of 'surveillance capitalism'?

A company selling user behavioral data to advertisers for profit (Correct answer)
A government monitoring known criminals
A bank encrypting customer financial records
A school tracking student attendance

Correct answer: A company selling user behavioral data to advertisers for profit

Surveillance capitalism involves collecting and monetizing user data and behaviors as a primary business model.

Question 46: What is a function in programming?

A data format
An error message
A reusable block of code that performs a specific task (Correct answer)
A type of variable

Correct answer: A reusable block of code that performs a specific task

Functions encapsulate a specific task into a reusable block of code that can be called with different inputs, promoting code reuse and organization.

Question 47: Which of the following is an example of a computing innovation that was developed collaboratively?

A script written by one student for a class project
A calculator program made in one afternoon
A personal diary app written by a single developer
The internet, developed by teams of researchers across many institutions (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The internet, developed by teams of researchers across many institutions

The internet emerged from collaborative work by ARPA researchers, universities, and eventually global teams.

Question 48: A team of students is building an app. One student handles the user interface, another manages the database, and a third writes the core logic. Which computational thinking practice does this workflow reflect?

Iteration
Pattern recognition
Decomposition with collaboration (Correct answer)
Abstraction

Correct answer: Decomposition with collaboration

Dividing a project into distinct roles combines decomposition (breaking the problem apart) with collaboration (working together).

Question 49: Lossless data compression differs from lossy compression in that lossless compression:

always produces a smaller file than lossy compression
allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed (Correct answer)
removes data that is perceptually unimportant to humans
works only on text files

Correct answer: allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed

Lossless compression encodes data so the original can be reconstructed exactly, while lossy compression permanently discards some information.

Question 50: A programmer decomposes a large music composition tool into separate modules for recording, editing, and playback. What benefit does this provide?

It makes the program run slower but more accurately
It makes each module easier to develop, test, and maintain independently (Correct answer)
It requires more memory to store the artifact
It prevents the program from being shared online

Correct answer: It makes each module easier to develop, test, and maintain independently

Decomposing a program into modules allows each piece to be built and tested independently, simplifying development and maintenance.

Question 51: What is correlation?

A type of graph
Proof of cause and effect
A statistical relationship between two variables (Correct answer)
An average value

Correct answer: A statistical relationship between two variables

Correlation measures the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables, without implying that one causes the other.

Question 52: What does the NOT operator return when applied to TRUE?

FALSE (Correct answer)
UNDEFINED
TRUE
NULL

Correct answer: FALSE

NOT inverts the Boolean value, so NOT(TRUE) evaluates to FALSE.

Question 53: A list contains [3, 7, 1, 9, 4]. After one pass of a selection sort (finding and placing the minimum), what does the list look like?

[1, 7, 3, 9, 4] (Correct answer)
[1, 3, 7, 9, 4]
[1, 7, 9, 4, 3]
[3, 1, 7, 9, 4]

Correct answer: [1, 7, 3, 9, 4]

Selection sort finds the minimum (1) and swaps it with the first element (3), yielding [1, 7, 3, 9, 4].

Question 54: A student writes `average = computeAverage(scores)`. Why is `computeAverage` considered an abstraction?

Because the function returns a number
Because the student can use it without knowing how the averaging calculation is implemented (Correct answer)
Because the function name contains the word 'average'
Because the variable `scores` is a list

Correct answer: Because the student can use it without knowing how the averaging calculation is implemented

The function is an abstraction because it hides the summation and division logic behind a single named call.

Question 55: Which of the following is the MOST appropriate use of a lookup table in an algorithm?

To automatically fix bugs in a program
To store precomputed results so they don't need to be recalculated repeatedly (Correct answer)
To replace all loops in a program
To compress large datasets

Correct answer: To store precomputed results so they don't need to be recalculated repeatedly

A lookup table (also called memoization when used in dynamic programming) stores precomputed values, avoiding redundant calculations and improving efficiency.

Question 56: Which of the following BEST describes the difference between analog and digital data?

There is no meaningful difference in modern computing
Analog data uses binary encoding; digital data uses continuous signals
Analog data represents continuous values; digital data uses discrete binary values (Correct answer)
Digital data can only represent numbers; analog can represent any type

Correct answer: Analog data represents continuous values; digital data uses discrete binary values

Analog data exists as continuous signals with infinite possible values (like sound waves), while digital data represents information as discrete binary (0/1) values.

Question 57: What is the purpose of 'traceroute' (or 'tracert') as a network diagnostic tool?

It displays the sequence of routers a packet passes through on its way to a destination (Correct answer)
It measures the total bandwidth available on a network connection
It decrypts HTTPS traffic for inspection
It scans a network for all connected devices and their open ports

Correct answer: It displays the sequence of routers a packet passes through on its way to a destination

Traceroute reveals each hop (router) a packet takes to reach its destination, along with latency at each hop.

Question 58: A library provides a function `sortList(list)` that sorts any list. The programmer using the library does not know whether it uses bubble sort or merge sort. This illustrates:

Binary search being applied to a list
The programmer has no information about the function
Abstraction — the implementation details are hidden behind an interface (Correct answer)
A syntax error in the library

Correct answer: Abstraction — the implementation details are hidden behind an interface

The sorting algorithm is hidden behind the function name, which is the essence of abstraction.

Question 59: Which protocol is responsible for breaking data into packets and routing them across the internet?

DNS
IP (Correct answer)
FTP
HTTP

Correct answer: IP

IP (Internet Protocol) handles addressing and routing packets across networks.

Question 60: A scatter plot shows points trending upward from left to right. What does this indicate?

A positive correlation between the two variables (Correct answer)
The data contains many outliers
A negative correlation between the two variables
No relationship between the two variables

Correct answer: A positive correlation between the two variables

An upward trend from left to right in a scatter plot indicates a positive correlation — as one variable increases, the other tends to increase as well.

Question 61: Which of the following is a LIMITATION of using simulations instead of real-world experiments?

Simulation results depend on the accuracy of the underlying model and assumptions (Correct answer)
Simulations can only model physical phenomena, not social ones
Simulations cannot use mathematical equations
Simulations always take longer to run than real experiments

Correct answer: Simulation results depend on the accuracy of the underlying model and assumptions

If the model's assumptions are flawed or incomplete, simulation results may not reflect real-world behavior accurately.

Question 62: A student wants to visualize the distribution of quiz scores for a class of 30 students. Which visualization is MOST appropriate?

Scatter plot
Pie chart
Line graph
Histogram (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Histogram

A histogram groups continuous data into bins and displays frequency, making it ideal for showing the distribution of scores.

Question 63: Consider this pseudocode: x ← 10 IF x > 5 THEN x ← x + 1 ELSE x ← x - 1 What is the final value of x?

5
11 (Correct answer)
9
10

Correct answer: 11

Since 10 > 5 is TRUE, the THEN branch executes: x becomes 10 + 1 = 11.

Question 64: A programmer writes a `Car` object with properties `speed` and `fuel` and a method `accelerate()`. Users of the object call `accelerate()` without knowing the engine physics. This is an example of:

Boolean logic
Iteration
Sequencing
Object abstraction / encapsulation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Object abstraction / encapsulation

Encapsulating data and behavior inside an object and exposing only a method is a form of abstraction.

Question 65: In the context of public-key cryptography, which key should a user share publicly to receive encrypted messages?

Public key (Correct answer)
Session key
Private key
Symmetric key

Correct answer: Public key

In asymmetric encryption, the public key is shared openly so others can encrypt messages that only the holder of the private key can decrypt.

Question 66: What is a concern with 'filter bubbles' created by recommendation algorithms?

They limit users to content that reinforces existing beliefs, reducing exposure to diverse perspectives (Correct answer)
They use too much bandwidth on mobile devices
They make websites load too slowly
They prevent users from searching for specific topics

Correct answer: They limit users to content that reinforces existing beliefs, reducing exposure to diverse perspectives

Filter bubbles occur when algorithms show only content aligned with a user's past behavior, potentially narrowing worldviews and reinforcing biases.

Question 67: A company uses a private IP address range (e.g., 192.168.x.x) for its internal network. What technology allows these devices to communicate with the public internet?

VPN
BGP
NAT (Network Address Translation) (Correct answer)
DHCP

Correct answer: NAT (Network Address Translation)

NAT maps private internal IP addresses to a single public IP address so devices can communicate with the internet.

Question 68: What does 'informed consent' mean in the context of data collection?

Users are required to provide their full name when signing up for a service
Informed consent only applies to medical data, not digital data
Companies can collect any data as long as they store it securely
Users are clearly told what data is collected and how it will be used, and they agree before collection begins (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Users are clearly told what data is collected and how it will be used, and they agree before collection begins

Informed consent requires that users knowingly and voluntarily agree to data collection practices before their information is gathered.

Question 69: Which of the following is the BEST reason to use a model or simulation instead of a real-world experiment?

Simulations can only be used in science classes
Models eliminate the need for computational thinking
Models are always more accurate than real experiments
Simulations are cheaper, faster, or safer when real experiments are impractical (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Simulations are cheaper, faster, or safer when real experiments are impractical

Simulations are used when real experiments are too expensive, dangerous, slow, or logistically impossible (e.g., simulating a nuclear reactor or climate change).

Question 70: What is 'intellectual property' as it applies to software?

A type of computer virus that steals data
The physical servers that run software
The amount of memory a program uses
The legal ownership rights over creative works like code, music, and writing (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The legal ownership rights over creative works like code, music, and writing

Intellectual property laws protect creators' rights over original works, including source code, giving them control over how it is used.

AP Computer Science Principles Exam

The AP Computer Science Principles Exam assesses understanding of the computational thinking practices and Big Ideas that form the foundation of the course, including creative development, data, algorithms and programming, computer systems and networks, and the impact of computing.

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120 min

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60%

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