Mixed Deck — All APCSP Topics Flashcards

A web server at IP address 203.0.113.5 receives a request. Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles delivering this packet to the correct application on that server?

Answer: Transport layer

The transport layer uses port numbers to deliver data to the correct application process.

A simulation produces different results each time it runs because it uses randomly generated inputs. This type of simulation is called:

Answer: Stochastic

A stochastic simulation incorporates randomness, producing different outputs on each run.

Why are Boolean conditions used in if-statements in programming?

Answer: To determine which branch of code to execute

Boolean conditions in if-statements evaluate to TRUE or FALSE to control which code path the program follows.

What is the function of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?

Answer: To ensure reliable, ordered delivery of data by managing acknowledgments and retransmissions

TCP provides reliable communication by requiring acknowledgment of received packets and retransmitting any lost packets to ensure complete, ordered delivery.

What is the primary purpose of professional certification in Digital Impact?

Answer: To validate competency and knowledge in the field

Certification validates that a professional has met established standards of knowledge and competency in Digital Impact.

A hospital stores patient records in a cloud database that experiences a breach. What is the PRIMARY digital impact concern?

Answer: Violation of patient privacy and potential harm

A breach of medical records primarily harms patients through privacy violations and the potential misuse of sensitive health information.

Which of the following describes the concept of 'design thinking' as applied to program development?

Answer: A human-centered approach that emphasizes empathy, ideation, prototyping, and testing

Design thinking is a structured, empathy-driven process that centers user needs throughout ideation, prototyping, and testing.

Which of the following is an example of multi-factor authentication (MFA)?

Answer: A password combined with a fingerprint scan

MFA requires two or more verification factors from different categories (something you know, have, or are), such as a password plus biometric.

A company collects user data without clearly disclosing how it will be used. Which principle of ethical data use does this violate?

Answer: Transparency

Transparency requires that users are clearly informed about how their data is collected and used.

What is a function in programming?

Answer: A reusable block of code that performs a specific task

Functions encapsulate a specific task into a reusable block of code that can be called with different inputs, promoting code reuse and organization.

A programmer documents each function with a description of its inputs, outputs, and purpose. This practice primarily helps with:

Answer: Making code maintainable and understandable for future developers

Documentation helps current and future developers understand what each function does without reading all the implementation code.

What does 'informed consent' mean in the context of data collection?

Answer: Users are clearly told what data is collected and how it will be used, and they agree before collection begins

Informed consent requires that users knowingly and voluntarily agree to data collection practices before their information is gathered.

A simulation of predator-prey populations shows wolves increasing while deer decrease, then wolves declining as food runs out. This pattern is evidence that:

Answer: The simulation successfully models feedback loops in the ecosystem

The oscillating population pattern reflects the feedback loop where predator success depends on prey availability, matching ecological theory.

A program assigns the value of variable A to variable B, then changes A to 99. What is the value of B?

Answer: The original value of A before the assignment

Assignment copies the current value of A into B; later changes to A do not affect B because they are separate storage locations.

What is a firewall?

Answer: A security device that monitors and controls network traffic based on rules

Firewalls filter incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules, creating a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks.

What is the purpose of a 'terms of service' agreement?

Answer: To legally define the rights and responsibilities of both the user and the service provider

Terms of service agreements establish legal rules for using a platform, including data usage rights, acceptable behavior, and liability limits.

What is the purpose of a subnet mask in IP networking?

Answer: To identify which portion of an IP address refers to the network and which to the host

A subnet mask distinguishes the network portion of an IP address from the host portion, enabling routers to determine if a destination is local or remote.

A scatter plot shows points trending upward from left to right. What does this indicate?

Answer: A positive correlation between the two variables

An upward trend from left to right in a scatter plot indicates a positive correlation — as one variable increases, the other tends to increase as well.

In a programming language, what does the MOD operator return?

Answer: The remainder after integer division

The MOD operator returns the remainder after dividing one integer by another (e.g., 17 MOD 5 = 2).

A student creates an animated story using a presentation tool, adding images, transitions, and recorded narration. This artifact is best classified as:

Answer: A multimedia computational artifact

An animated story combining images, transitions, and audio created with a computing tool is a multimedia computational artifact.