Data and Analysis Flashcards
7 cards from real APCSP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Data and Analysis flashcards as text
A company collects customer purchase histories and uses them to recommend products. What type of data analysis approach does this represent?
Answer: Predictive analysis
Using historical data to forecast future preferences or behaviors — like product recommendations — is predictive analysis.
Which of the following is a concern when combining data from multiple sources into a single dataset?
Answer: Inconsistent formats or definitions may create errors
When merging datasets from different sources, inconsistent field names, date formats, or value definitions can introduce errors requiring careful data cleaning.
In the context of big data, which of the following BEST describes the challenge of 'velocity'?
Answer: The speed at which new data is generated and must be processed
Velocity in big data refers to the high rate at which data is generated (e.g., real-time social media posts or sensor streams) and must be processed quickly.
A researcher finds that students who own more books score higher on reading tests. Which statement is MOST accurate?
Answer: There is a correlation, but the relationship may be explained by other factors
Correlation shows a statistical relationship but does not prove causation; factors like household income or parental education may explain both variables.
Which of the following is an example of data that would be considered private and require protection?
Answer: An individual's medical diagnosis and treatment history
Medical records contain sensitive personal health information protected by privacy laws such as HIPAA, unlike public statistical or aggregate data.
A data table has 10,000 rows but 400 rows have missing values in a key column. What is the MOST appropriate first step?
Answer: Investigate why values are missing before deciding how to handle them
Understanding why data is missing (random error, systematic bias, or data entry failure) determines the correct strategy for handling missing values.
Which of the following BEST describes the difference between analog and digital data?
Answer: Analog data represents continuous values; digital data uses discrete binary values
Analog data exists as continuous signals with infinite possible values (like sound waves), while digital data represents information as discrete binary (0/1) values.