AP Psychology: Developmental Psychology & Personality 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: An 8-month-old cries when a stranger approaches but calms when held by a parent. This best illustrates which concept?
- Stranger anxiety (Correct answer)
- Object permanence
- Conservation
- Egocentrism
Correct answer: Stranger anxiety
Stranger anxiety is the fear of unfamiliar people that emerges around 8 months as attachment develops.
Question 2: In Harlow's monkey experiments, infant monkeys preferred the cloth mother over the wire mother that provided food, demonstrating the importance of what?
- Contact comfort (Correct answer)
- Classical conditioning
- Operant reinforcement
- Imprinting
Correct answer: Contact comfort
Harlow showed that contact comfort, not nourishment, was the primary basis of attachment.
Question 3: According to Piaget, a child who understands that pouring water from a tall glass into a wide glass does not change the amount has achieved which ability?
- Conservation (Correct answer)
- Object permanence
- Assimilation
- Theory of mind
Correct answer: Conservation
Conservation is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.
Question 4: Freud proposed that the part of personality operating on the 'reality principle' to satisfy the id realistically is the:
- Ego (Correct answer)
- Superego
- Unconscious
- Libido
Correct answer: Ego
The ego mediates between the id and superego using the reality principle.
Question 5: A teenager strongly questioning 'Who am I?' while trying out different roles is in which Erikson stage?
- Identity vs. role confusion (Correct answer)
- Intimacy vs. isolation
- Industry vs. inferiority
- Autonomy vs. shame
Correct answer: Identity vs. role confusion
Adolescence centers on resolving identity versus role confusion.
Question 6: The Big Five personality trait describing how organized, disciplined, and dependable a person is called:
- Conscientiousness (Correct answer)
- Agreeableness
- Openness
- Neuroticism
Correct answer: Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness reflects organization, responsibility, and self-discipline.
Question 7: Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning is primarily based on:
- Avoiding punishment and seeking rewards (Correct answer)
- Maintaining social order
- Upholding abstract principles
- Gaining social approval
Correct answer: Avoiding punishment and seeking rewards
Preconventional morality focuses on consequences like punishment and reward.
AP Psychology: Developmental Psychology & Personality 2
An 8-month-old cries when a stranger approaches but calms when held by a parent.
This best illustrates which concept?