AP Human Geography: Industrial & Economic Development 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The shift of manufacturing jobs away from established industrial regions, leaving them economically depressed, is known as:
- Agglomeration
- Deindustrialization (Correct answer)
- Globalization
- Urbanization
Correct answer: Deindustrialization
Deindustrialization is the decline of manufacturing in formerly industrial areas.
Question 2: The Human Development Index (HDI) combines income with which two other measures?
- Education and life expectancy (Correct answer)
- Trade and military strength
- Population and area
- Religion and language
Correct answer: Education and life expectancy
HDI combines income, education, and life expectancy to measure development.
Question 3: Export-processing zones and special economic zones primarily aim to:
- Restrict foreign trade
- Attract foreign investment and manufacturing (Correct answer)
- Preserve traditional agriculture
- Reduce urbanization
Correct answer: Attract foreign investment and manufacturing
These zones offer tax and regulatory incentives to attract foreign investment and export-oriented manufacturing.
Question 4: The dependency theory argues that underdevelopment in periphery countries is mainly caused by:
- Lack of natural resources
- Exploitative relationships with core countries (Correct answer)
- Overpopulation alone
- Poor climate
Correct answer: Exploitative relationships with core countries
Dependency theory holds that periphery poverty results from exploitative ties to wealthy core nations.
Question 5: A country with a high percentage of workers in the tertiary and quaternary sectors is most likely:
- A least developed country
- A highly developed country (Correct answer)
- Pre-industrial
- Agriculturally dominated
Correct answer: A highly developed country
Highly developed economies have large service (tertiary) and information (quaternary) sectors.
Question 6: The practice of contracting work to outside firms, often in other countries to reduce costs, is called:
- Vertical integration
- Outsourcing (Correct answer)
- Agglomeration
- Nationalization
Correct answer: Outsourcing
Outsourcing is contracting business functions to external, often foreign, providers to cut costs.
Question 7: Microloans, as promoted by the Grameen Bank model, are intended primarily to:
- Fund national infrastructure
- Provide small loans to empower local entrepreneurs (Correct answer)
- Finance multinational corporations
- Support military spending
Correct answer: Provide small loans to empower local entrepreneurs
Microloans give small amounts of credit to local entrepreneurs, often women, to spur grassroots development.
AP Human Geography: Industrial & Economic Development 3
The shift of manufacturing jobs away from established industrial regions, leaving them economically depressed, is known as: