Psychology: Developmental Psychology & Personality Flashcards

A child in Piaget's formal operational stage gains the ability to:

Answer: Reason abstractly and hypothetically

Formal operations bring abstract, hypothetical, and logical reasoning, beginning around age 12.

The concept of 'self-efficacy,' a belief in one's ability to succeed, was developed by:

Answer: Albert Bandura

Bandura introduced self-efficacy within his social-cognitive theory of personality.

Identical twins raised in different homes who still share many personality traits provide evidence for:

Answer: A genetic influence on personality

Twin studies showing similarity despite different environments support heritability of personality.

Erikson's stage 'generativity vs. stagnation' in middle adulthood is mainly about:

Answer: Contributing to the next generation

Generativity involves caring for others and contributing to society and future generations.

A person who explains their own failures as due to bad luck but others' failures as due to character flaws shows a bias studied in:

Answer: Social-cognitive personality theory

Social-cognitive theory examines how thinking and attributions shape personality and behavior.

Freud's psychosexual stage during which a child supposedly experiences the Oedipus complex is the:

Answer: Phallic stage

The Oedipus complex occurs in the phallic stage, around ages 3 to 6.

The Big Five trait 'openness to experience' is best described as:

Answer: Imagination, curiosity, and preference for variety

Openness reflects intellectual curiosity, creativity, and willingness to try new things.