Psychology: Developmental Psychology & Personality Flashcards

An 8-month-old cries when a stranger approaches but calms when held by a parent. This best illustrates which concept?

Answer: Stranger anxiety

Stranger anxiety is the fear of unfamiliar people that emerges around 8 months as attachment develops.

In Harlow's monkey experiments, infant monkeys preferred the cloth mother over the wire mother that provided food, demonstrating the importance of what?

Answer: Contact comfort

Harlow showed that contact comfort, not nourishment, was the primary basis of attachment.

According to Piaget, a child who understands that pouring water from a tall glass into a wide glass does not change the amount has achieved which ability?

Answer: Conservation

Conservation is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.

Freud proposed that the part of personality operating on the 'reality principle' to satisfy the id realistically is the:

Answer: Ego

The ego mediates between the id and superego using the reality principle.

A teenager strongly questioning 'Who am I?' while trying out different roles is in which Erikson stage?

Answer: Identity vs. role confusion

Adolescence centers on resolving identity versus role confusion.

The Big Five personality trait describing how organized, disciplined, and dependable a person is called:

Answer: Conscientiousness

Conscientiousness reflects organization, responsibility, and self-discipline.

Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning is primarily based on:

Answer: Avoiding punishment and seeking rewards

Preconventional morality focuses on consequences like punishment and reward.