Human Geography: Industrial & Economic Development Flashcards

The shift of manufacturing jobs away from established industrial regions, leaving them economically depressed, is known as:

Answer: Deindustrialization

Deindustrialization is the decline of manufacturing in formerly industrial areas.

The Human Development Index (HDI) combines income with which two other measures?

Answer: Education and life expectancy

HDI combines income, education, and life expectancy to measure development.

Export-processing zones and special economic zones primarily aim to:

Answer: Attract foreign investment and manufacturing

These zones offer tax and regulatory incentives to attract foreign investment and export-oriented manufacturing.

The dependency theory argues that underdevelopment in periphery countries is mainly caused by:

Answer: Exploitative relationships with core countries

Dependency theory holds that periphery poverty results from exploitative ties to wealthy core nations.

A country with a high percentage of workers in the tertiary and quaternary sectors is most likely:

Answer: A highly developed country

Highly developed economies have large service (tertiary) and information (quaternary) sectors.

The practice of contracting work to outside firms, often in other countries to reduce costs, is called:

Answer: Outsourcing

Outsourcing is contracting business functions to external, often foreign, providers to cut costs.

Microloans, as promoted by the Grameen Bank model, are intended primarily to:

Answer: Provide small loans to empower local entrepreneurs

Microloans give small amounts of credit to local entrepreneurs, often women, to spur grassroots development.