Data Visualization and Interpretation Flashcards
7 cards from real AP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Data Visualization and Interpretation flashcards as text
A scatterplot of study hours (x) versus exam score (y) shows a positive linear association with r = 0.85. If an outlier with very high study hours but a low score is added, which is the most likely effect?
Answer: r will decrease because the outlier weakens the linear pattern.
An outlier that goes against the overall trend (high x, low y in a positive association) weakens the linear relationship and decreases r.
A bar graph comparing four car brands shows Brand A with a bar starting at 95 and ending at 100 on the y-axis, while other bars start at 0. What is the misleading feature?
Answer: The truncated y-axis exaggerates small differences between brands.
A y-axis that doesn't start at zero visually exaggerates differences, making small gaps appear much larger than they are.
A relative frequency histogram has bars with heights 0.10, 0.25, 0.40, 0.20, and 0.05. What is the sum of all bar heights?
Answer: 1.00
Relative frequencies represent proportions of the total, so they must always sum to 1.00.
In a scatterplot, the association between x and y is described as strong, positive, and linear. Which value of r is most consistent with this description?
Answer: r = 0.91
A strong positive linear association corresponds to a correlation coefficient close to +1, making r = 0.91 the best choice.
A dotplot of reaction times (in milliseconds) is roughly symmetric with center around 250 ms. Adding 50 ms to every observation would:
Answer: Shift the center to 300 ms but leave the spread unchanged.
Adding a constant to every value shifts all measures of center by that constant but does not change measures of spread.
Which of the following graphs would be most appropriate for displaying the distribution of the number of pets owned by students in a class?
Answer: Dotplot or bar chart
Number of pets is a discrete quantitative variable best displayed with a dotplot or bar chart showing each count's frequency.
A boxplot shows that the median line is much closer to Q1 than to Q3. This indicates the distribution is likely:
Answer: Right-skewed (positively skewed).
When the median is closer to Q1, the upper half of the data is more spread out, indicating right skew.