Chemistry: Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure Flashcards
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According to VSEPR theory, what is the molecular geometry of a molecule with two bonding pairs and two lone pairs on the central atom (AX2E2)?
Answer: Bent
Two bonding pairs and two lone pairs (AX2E2) give a bent molecular shape, as in water.
Which molecule contains a coordinate (dative) covalent bond?
Answer: NH4+
In NH4+ the nitrogen lone pair forms a coordinate bond with H+, where both electrons come from nitrogen.
What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2)?
Answer: sp
Carbon in CO2 has two electron domains (two double bonds), giving sp hybridization.
Which of the following best explains why a water molecule is polar?
Answer: Its bent shape gives an uneven distribution of charge
Water's bent geometry prevents the O-H bond dipoles from canceling, producing a net molecular dipole.
How many sigma and pi bonds are present in a molecule of nitrogen gas (N2)?
Answer: 1 sigma, 2 pi
A triple bond consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds, so N2 has 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds.
Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the unusually high boiling point of HF compared to other hydrogen halides?
Answer: Hydrogen bonding
HF exhibits strong hydrogen bonding because H is bonded to highly electronegative fluorine.
What is the formal charge on the central oxygen atom in the ozone molecule (O3) Lewis structure with one single and one double bond?
Answer: +1
The central O has one lone pair and three bonds, giving a formal charge of 6 - 2 - 3 = +1.