AP Euro Global Conflicts and Cold War Europe

Question 1

Which provision of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) provided the legal and moral basis for demanding reparations from Germany?

Accepted Answer

Article 231, the so-called "war guilt" clause

Answer

Article 231 made Germany and its allies responsible for the losses and damage of the war, which justified reparations. Germans resented it as a national humiliation.

Question 2

The Locarno Treaties of 1925 are best understood as significant because they

Accepted Answer

had Germany voluntarily accept its western borders with France and Belgium

Answer

At Locarno, Germany agreed to respect its western frontiers and the demilitarized Rhineland, with Britain and Italy as guarantors. It signaled reconciliation, often called the "spirit of Locarno."

Question 3

The Dawes Plan of 1924 attempted to stabilize the European economy mainly by

Accepted Answer

restructuring German reparations payments and arranging American loans to Germany

Answer

The plan scaled German payments to its capacity to pay and brought in U.S. loans, helping end the hyperinflation crisis and the Ruhr occupation. It created a cycle of American money flowing to Germany, reparations to Britain and France, and war-debt payments to the U.S.

Question 4

The Munich Agreement of September 1938 did which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Transferred the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany without Czechoslovak participation in the talks

Answer

Britain, France, Germany and Italy agreed that Germany would annex the Sudetenland, and Czechoslovakia was not part of the negotiations. It became the best-known example of appeasement.

Question 5

What was the significance of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August 1939?

Accepted Answer

It pledged Germany and the USSR not to attack each other and included a secret protocol dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence

Answer

The pact removed the threat of a two-front war for Germany, and its secret protocol set out spheres of influence including a partition of Poland. Germany invaded Poland about a week later.

AP Euro Practice Test

AP Euro Practice Test

AP Euro Global Conflicts and Cold War Europe