AP Euro Age of Reformation

Question 1

The 1555 Peace of Augsburg resolved the first phase of religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire. Which principle did it establish?

Accepted Answer

Each prince would determine whether his territory was Lutheran or Catholic, and dissenting subjects could emigrate

Answer

Augsburg established cuius regio, eius religio: rulers chose between Lutheranism and Catholicism for their lands. Subjects who disagreed could move elsewhere.

Question 2

Which of the following was a major response of the Council of Trent (1545–1563) to the Protestant Reformation?

Accepted Answer

It reaffirmed Catholic doctrines such as transubstantiation and the authority of both scripture and church tradition

Answer

Trent reaffirmed core Catholic teachings, including transubstantiation, the seven sacraments, and the authority of scripture together with tradition. It rejected the Protestant doctrine of faith alone.

Question 3

Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses (1517) were primarily a protest against which practice?

Accepted Answer

The Church's sale of indulgences to reduce punishment for sins

Answer

Luther attacked the sale of indulgences, associated with figures such as Johann Tetzel, because it implied that salvation could be purchased. This challenge led him toward the doctrine of justification by faith alone.

Question 4

Which statement best describes John Calvin's doctrine of predestination?

Accepted Answer

God has already chosen those who will be saved, regardless of their actions

Answer

Calvin taught that God has predestined the elect for salvation before birth, so human works cannot change that outcome. This distinguished Calvinism from the Catholic emphasis on faith plus works.

Question 5

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits), founded by Ignatius of Loyola and approved in 1540, contributed to the Catholic Reformation mainly by

Accepted Answer

establishing schools and missions and pledging special obedience to the pope

Answer

The Jesuits were a disciplined order devoted to education and missionary work, and they swore special obedience to the pope. Their schools and missions helped strengthen Catholicism in Europe and overseas.

AP Euro Practice Test

AP Euro Practice Test

AP Euro Age of Reformation