AP AP Gender, Ethnicity & Social Geography 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which term describes a situation where women have less access to resources, political power, and economic opportunities than men in a given society?
- Gender equity
- Patriarchy (Correct answer)
- Matriarchy
- Gender parity
Correct answer: Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, authority, and social privilege.
Question 2: The Gender Inequality Index (GII) measures gender-based disadvantage across which three dimensions?
- Education, income, and life expectancy
- Reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation (Correct answer)
- Political power, wealth, and literacy
- Healthcare, housing, and employment
Correct answer: Reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation
The GII measures inequality in reproductive health, empowerment (parliamentary seats and secondary education), and labor market participation between men and women.
Question 3: Which concept describes the unequal spatial distribution of ethnic groups within a city, often resulting from historical discrimination in housing?
- Ethnic enclave
- Residential segregation
- Blockbusting
- Redlining (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Redlining
Redlining was the discriminatory practice of denying services or marking certain neighborhoods as undesirable based on racial or ethnic composition.
Question 4: An ethnic enclave differs from a ghetto primarily because:
- Ethnic enclaves are always wealthier
- Ethnic enclaves form voluntarily while ghettos often result from forced segregation (Correct answer)
- Ghettos only exist in developing countries
- Ethnic enclaves lack cultural institutions
Correct answer: Ethnic enclaves form voluntarily while ghettos often result from forced segregation
Ethnic enclaves are voluntary concentrations of an ethnic group seeking cultural preservation and community, while ghettos typically arise from forced or economically compelled segregation.
Question 5: Which theory argues that racial and ethnic inequalities are maintained through the spatial separation of groups within cities?
- Central place theory
- Spatial mismatch theory (Correct answer)
- Concentric zone model
- Bid-rent theory
Correct answer: Spatial mismatch theory
Spatial mismatch theory holds that low-income minority groups living in inner cities are geographically separated from suburban job growth, perpetuating economic inequality.
Question 6: The practice of real estate agents encouraging white homeowners to sell quickly by warning that minorities are moving into the neighborhood is called:
- Gentrification
- White flight
- Blockbusting (Correct answer)
- Filtering
Correct answer: Blockbusting
Blockbusting was a discriminatory real estate practice where agents exploited racial fears to profit from rapid neighborhood demographic transitions.
AP AP Gender, Ethnicity & Social Geography 1
Which term describes a situation where women have less access to resources, political power, and economic opportunities than men in a given society?