AOCNP Oncologic Emergencies 2

Question 1

A patient develops sudden-onset dyspnea, muffled heart sounds, hypotension, and jugular venous distension. Which emergency is this?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac tamponade

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Tension pneumothorax

Answer

Acute heart failure

Question 2

Which cancer type is most commonly associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in adults?

Accepted Answer

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)

Answer

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer

Colorectal cancer

Answer

Melanoma

Question 3

In febrile neutropenia, an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below which threshold defines high-risk neutropenia?

Accepted Answer

< 500 cells/mm³

Answer

< 1000 cells/mm³

Answer

< 1500 cells/mm³

Answer

< 2000 cells/mm³

Question 4

Which agent is used as first-line prophylaxis against tumor lysis syndrome in high-risk patients?

Accepted Answer

Allopurinol

Answer

Rasburicase

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer

Hydroxyurea

Question 5

A patient with a known brain metastasis develops sudden-onset severe headache, vomiting, and altered consciousness. What is the priority intervention?

Accepted Answer

Dexamethasone IV and urgent CT head

Answer

Lumbar puncture

Answer

Oral analgesics and observation

Answer

Antiemetics alone

Question 6

Which electrolyte abnormality most immediately threatens cardiac function in tumor lysis syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer

Hyperuricemia

Answer

Hypocalcemia