AOA Ocular Disease and Pathology 2

Question 1

The cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) that is most suspicious for glaucomatous damage is:

Accepted Answer

0.8 with asymmetry between eyes

Answer

A CDR of 0.8 or greater, especially with inter-eye asymmetry exceeding 0.2, is highly suspicious for glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

Question 2

Which layer of the cornea is replaced by pump activity and is responsible for maintaining corneal deturgesence?

Accepted Answer

Endothelium

Answer

The corneal endothelium maintains corneal clarity through active fluid pumping to prevent swelling of the hydrophilic stroma.

Question 3

Rubeosis iridis (neovascularization of the iris) is a complication most associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Central retinal vein occlusion

Answer

Central retinal vein occlusion causes widespread retinal ischemia that can stimulate VEGF-driven neovascularization of the iris, leading to neovascular glaucoma.

Question 4

What is the hallmark sign of a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?

Accepted Answer

Weiss ring

Answer

A Weiss ring is the annular floater seen upon PVD, representing the detached peripapillary glial tissue ring formerly attached at the disc margin.

Question 5

Which systemic disease is most associated with optic neuritis leading to a central scotoma in young adults?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Optic neuritis in young adults carries a significant risk of multiple sclerosis, and demyelination is the most common systemic cause.

AOA - American Optometric Association Practice Test

AOA - American Optometric Association Practice Test

AOA Ocular Disease and Pathology 2