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Practice-Based Learning Flashcards

7 cards from real AOA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. In a trial, the stroke rate is 20% with placebo and 15% with a new drug. What is the number needed to treat (NNT)?

    Answer: 20

    Absolute risk reduction is 5% (0.05), so NNT = 1/0.05 = 20.

  2. Using the same trial (20% placebo vs 15% drug), what is the relative risk reduction?

    Answer: 25%

    RRR = ARR / control event rate = 0.05 / 0.20 = 25%.

  3. A clinic introduces a new diabetic foot-exam reminder, tests it with one physician for two weeks, reviews results, and then expands it. Which quality improvement model does this reflect?

    Answer: Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle

    PDSA cycles test small-scale changes, study the results, and act by adopting, adapting, or abandoning the change.

  4. Which study design is best suited to investigate risk factors for a rare disease?

    Answer: Case-control study

    Case-control studies start with affected patients, making them efficient for rare outcomes.

  5. A screening test has a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 90%. What is the positive likelihood ratio?

    Answer: 8

    LR+ = sensitivity / (1 − specificity) = 0.80 / 0.10 = 8.

  6. An osteopathic physician wants to answer a clinical question efficiently. Which format organizes the question into its key elements?

    Answer: PICO

    PICO stands for Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.

  7. In a randomized trial, patients who stopped taking the study drug are still analyzed in their assigned group. This approach is called:

    Answer: Intention-to-treat analysis

    Intention-to-treat analysis preserves randomization by analyzing patients as originally assigned.