AOA Pharmacology and Therapeutics Flashcards
6 cards from real AOA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 AOA Pharmacology and Therapeutics flashcards as text
Which medication class is contraindicated in patients with severe hyperkalemia and renal failure due to risk of further potassium elevation?
Answer: ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone levels, decreasing potassium excretion and potentially worsening hyperkalemia in patients with renal failure.
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in producing CNS depression?
Answer: Enhance GABA-A receptor chloride conductance
Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of GABA at GABA-A receptors by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening, producing CNS depression.
Which drug is used as an opioid reversal agent in cases of overdose?
Answer: Naloxone
Naloxone is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist used for rapid reversal of opioid overdose due to its fast onset and ability to displace opioids from receptors.
What is the first-line and most critical treatment for anaphylaxis?
Answer: Epinephrine intramuscularly
Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid bronchodilatory, vasoconstrictive, and mast cell-stabilizing effects.
Which direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) does NOT require routine INR monitoring?
Answer: Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Rivaroxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant with predictable pharmacokinetics and fixed dosing that does not require routine coagulation monitoring unlike warfarin.
What is the primary pharmacological concern when prescribing NSAIDs to elderly patients?
Answer: Increased risk of GI bleeding, renal impairment, and cardiovascular events
NSAIDs in elderly patients carry increased risks of GI bleeding, acute kidney injury, fluid retention, and cardiovascular events due to age-related physiologic changes.