AOA Pharmacology and Therapeutics Flashcards
6 cards from real AOA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 AOA Pharmacology and Therapeutics flashcards as text
Which medication is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used as first-line therapy for GERD?
Answer: Omeprazole
Omeprazole is a PPI that irreversibly blocks gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells.
What is the primary mechanism of action of statin medications in treating hyperlipidemia?
Answer: Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
Statins lower cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
Which beta-blocker is cardioselective and preferentially acts on beta-1 receptors?
Answer: Metoprolol
Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 blocker that preferentially blocks cardiac beta-1 receptors, making it relatively safer in patients with reactive airway disease.
Which treatment is recommended as preferred therapy for initial non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) per current IDSA guidelines?
Answer: Oral vancomycin
Current IDSA guidelines recommend oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin as preferred therapy for initial non-severe CDI over metronidazole.
Which diuretic class commonly causes hypokalemia as a significant adverse effect?
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Thiazide diuretics promote potassium excretion in the distal tubule, commonly causing hypokalemia that requires monitoring and possible supplementation.
What is the primary cardiovascular indication for low-dose aspirin (81 mg)?
Answer: Antiplatelet therapy to prevent thrombotic events
Low-dose aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet COX-1, reducing thromboxane A2-mediated platelet aggregation to prevent thrombotic cardiovascular events.