Ocular Disease and Pathology Flashcards
6 cards from real AOA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Ocular Disease and Pathology flashcards as text
The cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) that is most suspicious for glaucomatous damage is:
Answer: 0.8 with asymmetry between eyes
A CDR of 0.8 or greater, especially with inter-eye asymmetry exceeding 0.2, is highly suspicious for glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
Which layer of the cornea is replaced by pump activity and is responsible for maintaining corneal deturgesence?
Answer: Endothelium
The corneal endothelium maintains corneal clarity through active fluid pumping to prevent swelling of the hydrophilic stroma.
Rubeosis iridis (neovascularization of the iris) is a complication most associated with which condition?
Answer: Central retinal vein occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion causes widespread retinal ischemia that can stimulate VEGF-driven neovascularization of the iris, leading to neovascular glaucoma.
What is the hallmark sign of a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?
Answer: Weiss ring
A Weiss ring is the annular floater seen upon PVD, representing the detached peripapillary glial tissue ring formerly attached at the disc margin.
Which systemic disease is most associated with optic neuritis leading to a central scotoma in young adults?
Answer: Multiple sclerosis
Optic neuritis in young adults carries a significant risk of multiple sclerosis, and demyelination is the most common systemic cause.
Drusen deposits beneath the retinal pigment epithelium are most associated with which disease process?
Answer: Age-related macular degeneration
Drusen are extracellular deposits between the RPE and Bruch's membrane and are the hallmark early finding of age-related macular degeneration.