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Low Vision and Geriatric Optometry Flashcards

6 cards from real AOA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Low Vision and Geriatric Optometry flashcards as text

  1. Polypharmacy in elderly patients is relevant to optometry because:

    Answer: Many systemic medications cause ocular side effects including dry eye, angle changes, and lens toxicity

    Numerous systemic medications (amiodarone, tamsulosin, hydroxychloroquine, steroids) have significant ocular side effects that the optometrist must screen for during comprehensive exams.

  2. Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) toxicity screening requires which specific test?

    Answer: 10-2 visual field testing and spectral-domain OCT of the macula

    Hydroxychloroquine causes a characteristic bull's-eye maculopathy detectable early by 10-2 fields and SD-OCT parafoveal thinning, per AAO screening guidelines.

  3. Age-related changes to the accommodative system include all of the following EXCEPT:

    Answer: Reduction in corneal refractive power

    Presbyopia is caused by lens nuclear hardening, reduced ciliary muscle efficiency, and lens capsule changes — corneal curvature is not a significant factor in presbyopia development.

  4. Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is characterized by glaucomatous optic nerve damage occurring with:

    Answer: IOP consistently within the statistically normal range (≤21 mmHg)

    NTG shows progressive glaucomatous optic nerve damage and visual field loss despite IOP never exceeding the statistical upper limit of normal, suggesting pressure-independent mechanisms.

  5. Amsler grid testing is used to monitor which functional change in patients with macular disease?

    Answer: Metamorphopsia and central scotomas

    The Amsler grid detects metamorphopsia (line waviness/distortion) and scotomas (missing areas) in the central 20° of visual field, useful for monitoring AMD progression.

  6. Which systemic condition is most associated with neovascular glaucoma and requires co-management with optometry?

    Answer: Diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

    PDR causes widespread retinal ischemia that releases VEGF, driving neovascularization of the iris and angle — leading to the most refractory form of glaucoma.