Anatomy Exam Human Anatomy 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which vertebra has a dens (odontoid process)?
- C1 (Atlas)
- C2 (Axis) (Correct answer)
- C3
- C7 (Vertebra prominens)
Correct answer: C2 (Axis)
The C2 vertebra (axis) has the dens, which projects superiorly to articulate with the atlas and allows rotational head movement.
Question 2: The portal triad in the liver consists of which three structures?
- Hepatic vein, bile duct, lymphatic vessel
- Portal vein branch, hepatic artery branch, bile duct (Correct answer)
- Central vein, sinusoid, Kupffer cell
- Hepatocyte, stellate cell, endothelial cell
Correct answer: Portal vein branch, hepatic artery branch, bile duct
Each portal triad contains a branch of the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a bile ductule.
Question 3: Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral surface of the thigh?
- Femoral nerve
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (Correct answer)
- Obturator nerve
- Sciatic nerve
Correct answer: Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3) provides sensory innervation to the anterolateral thigh; its compression causes meralgia paresthetica.
Question 4: The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex primarily secretes which hormone?
- Cortisol
- Aldosterone (Correct answer)
- DHEA
- Epinephrine
Correct answer: Aldosterone
The outermost zona glomerulosa secretes aldosterone, which regulates sodium retention and potassium excretion.
Question 5: Which structure passes through the foramen magnum?
- Optic nerve
- Internal carotid artery
- Medulla oblongata (Correct answer)
- Facial nerve
Correct answer: Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata passes through the foramen magnum as the brainstem continues into the spinal cord.
Question 6: The saphenous nerve is a branch of which nerve?
- Sciatic nerve
- Femoral nerve (Correct answer)
- Obturator nerve
- Common peroneal nerve
Correct answer: Femoral nerve
The saphenous nerve is the longest branch of the femoral nerve, providing sensory innervation to the medial leg and foot.
Question 7: Which structure separates the posterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa?
- Tentorium cerebelli (Correct answer)
- Falx cerebri
- Falx cerebelli
- Diaphragma sellae
Correct answer: Tentorium cerebelli
The tentorium cerebelli is a dural fold that separates the cerebellum (posterior fossa) from the occipital lobes above (middle/posterior boundary).
Anatomy Exam Human Anatomy 5
Which vertebra has a dens (odontoid process)?