Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
7 cards from real Anatomy Exam practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract flashcards as text
Which cells in the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid?
Answer: Parietal cells
Parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric glands secrete HCl via the H+/K+-ATPase proton pump on their luminal surface.
At which vertebral level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?
Answer: T10
The esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm at the level of T10, accompanied by the vagal trunks.
Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure of the upper GI tract?
Answer: Second part of the duodenum
The second, third, and fourth parts of the duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal, whereas the first part has a short mesentery and is intraperitoneal.
Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the stomach?
Answer: Vagus nerve (CN X)
The vagus nerve (CN X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the stomach via the anterior and posterior vagal trunks.
The hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) opens into which part of the duodenum?
Answer: Second part (descending)
The ampulla of Vater opens at the major duodenal papilla on the posteromedial wall of the second (descending) part of the duodenum.
What is the name of the peritoneal fold that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon?
Answer: Greater omentum
The greater omentum hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and drapes over the transverse colon and small bowel like an apron.
Which lymph nodes receive primary lymphatic drainage from the fundus and body of the stomach?
Answer: Left gastric (coronary) nodes
The fundus and body of the stomach drain primarily to the left gastric (coronary) nodes along the lesser curvature, then to celiac nodes.