Anatomy Exam Anatomy Muscles of the Lower Limb 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
- Plantarflexion
- Dorsiflexion and inversion (Correct answer)
- Eversion and plantarflexion
- Knee flexion
Correct answer: Dorsiflexion and inversion
The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
Question 2: Which muscle is the largest and most powerful adductor of the thigh?
- Adductor longus
- Adductor magnus (Correct answer)
- Gracilis
- Pectineus
Correct answer: Adductor magnus
The adductor magnus is the largest and most powerful adductor of the thigh, with both adductor and hamstring portions.
Question 3: The peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle inserts into which structure?
- Base of the 5th metatarsal
- Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal (Correct answer)
- Calcaneus
- Navicular bone
Correct answer: Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
The peroneus longus wraps under the plantar surface of the foot to insert at the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal.
Question 4: What is the action of the popliteus muscle?
- Extends the knee
- Unlocks the knee by medially rotating the tibia on the femur (Correct answer)
- Laterally rotates the femur during extension
- Plantarflexes the foot
Correct answer: Unlocks the knee by medially rotating the tibia on the femur
The popliteus 'unlocks' the fully extended knee by medially rotating the tibia (or laterally rotating the femur).
Question 5: The sartorius muscle is innervated by which nerve?
- Obturator nerve
- Sciatic nerve
- Femoral nerve (Correct answer)
- Superior gluteal nerve
Correct answer: Femoral nerve
The sartorius is innervated by the femoral nerve (L2, L3).
Question 6: Which muscle performs eversion of the foot?
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Peroneus (fibularis) brevis (Correct answer)
- Tibialis anterior
Correct answer: Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
The peroneus brevis, along with peroneus longus, is a primary evertor of the foot.
Anatomy Exam Anatomy Muscles of the Lower Limb 2
What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?