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Toxicological Emergencies Flashcards

6 cards from real AMLS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which toxidrome is characterized by miosis, bradycardia, excessive secretions, and bronchospasm?

    Answer: Cholinergic toxidrome (organophosphate poisoning)

    The cholinergic toxidrome from organophosphate or nerve agent exposure presents with SLUDGE signs: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI distress, emesis.

  2. What is the specific antidote for opioid overdose with respiratory depression?

    Answer: Naloxone (Narcan)

    Naloxone competitively antagonizes opioid receptors and rapidly reverses respiratory depression, miosis, and altered consciousness in opioid overdose.

  3. A patient presents with fever, tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, and dry flushed skin. Which toxidrome is most likely?

    Answer: Anticholinergic toxidrome

    The anticholinergic toxidrome is described as 'hot as a hare, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, mad as a hatter.'

  4. Which laboratory finding is the hallmark of acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity in the delayed phase (24-72 hours)?

    Answer: Elevated AST/ALT indicating hepatocellular damage

    Acetaminophen overdose causes hepatic necrosis, leading to markedly elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT) in the delayed phase 24–72 hours post-ingestion.

  5. What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

    Answer: N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

    N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores, preventing toxic NAPQI accumulation and hepatic injury from acetaminophen overdose.

  6. A patient with beta-blocker overdose presents with bradycardia and hypotension unresponsive to atropine. What is the next treatment?

    Answer: High-dose insulin therapy with dextrose (HIE)

    High-dose insulin euglycemia therapy improves myocardial function in beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity by enhancing cardiac glucose uptake.