Shock and Hemodynamic Instability Flashcards

Which type of shock is characterized by decreased SVR (systemic vascular resistance) and increased cardiac output?

Answer: Distributive shock

Distributive shock (e.g., septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) causes massive vasodilation, reducing SVR while initially increasing cardiac output.

A patient presents with hypotension, JVD, and absent breath sounds on the left. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Tension pneumothorax

Tension pneumothorax presents with hypotension, JVD, tracheal deviation, and absent breath sounds on the affected side.

Which is the most sensitive early indicator of hypovolemic shock in adults?

Answer: Tachycardia

Tachycardia is the earliest compensatory response to hypovolemia, occurring before hypotension develops.

In anaphylactic shock, which is the first-line treatment?

Answer: Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM in the anterolateral thigh

Epinephrine IM is the cornerstone of anaphylaxis treatment, reversing bronchospasm and vasodilation while blocking mediator release.

What hemodynamic profile characterizes neurogenic shock following spinal cord injury?

Answer: Hypotension with bradycardia and warm skin

Neurogenic shock causes loss of sympathetic tone leading to hypotension and paradoxical bradycardia with warm, dry, flushed skin.

Which crystalloid is considered the preferred initial resuscitation fluid in hemorrhagic shock?

Answer: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl)

Normal saline or lactated Ringer's (isotonic crystalloids) are standard initial resuscitation fluids in hemorrhagic shock.