Pediatric Dermatology Flashcards

A 5-year-old presents with honey-colored crusted erosions around the nose and mouth. What is the most common causative organism?

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Non-bullous impetigo is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

An infant develops widespread flaccid bullae and superficial desquamation with a positive Nikolsky sign but spares mucous membranes. What is the diagnosis?

Answer: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

SSSS is caused by staphylococcal exfoliative toxins, cleaves the granular layer, and characteristically spares mucosa.

A child has multiple dome-shaped umbilicated papules on the trunk. What is the causative agent?

Answer: Poxvirus

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a poxvirus and produces umbilicated papules.

A 4-year-old presents with fever, a 'slapped cheek' facial erythema, followed by a lacy reticular rash on the extremities. What is the etiology?

Answer: Parvovirus B19

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is caused by parvovirus B19 with the classic slapped-cheek appearance.

A child with tuberous sclerosis is examined for cutaneous findings. Which lesion is a well-recognized diagnostic criterion?

Answer: Ash-leaf macules

Hypopigmented ash-leaf macules are an early cutaneous marker of tuberous sclerosis.

A neonate has a hairless, yellow-orange plaque on the scalp present at birth that thickens and becomes verrucous at puberty. What is the diagnosis?

Answer: Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn

Nevus sebaceus presents as a hairless yellow-orange scalp plaque that becomes verrucous with hormonal stimulation.

A febrile 1-year-old develops high fever for 3 days that abruptly resolves, then a rose-pink macular rash erupts on the trunk. What is the cause?

Answer: Human herpesvirus 6

Roseola infantum is caused by HHV-6 with high fever preceding the rash that appears after defervescence.