Ambulatory Care Ambulatory Care Pharmacology Flashcards
7 cards from real Ambulatory Care Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Ambulatory Care Ambulatory Care Pharmacology flashcards as text
A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on metformin. Which adverse effect should be monitored most closely in a patient with CKD stage 3b?
Answer: Lactic acidosis
Metformin is contraindicated in advanced CKD due to risk of lactic acidosis from drug accumulation.
Which drug interaction requires close monitoring when a patient on warfarin is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole?
Answer: Increased INR due to CYP2C9 inhibition
TMP-SMX inhibits CYP2C9, reducing warfarin metabolism and increasing INR.
A patient presents with a serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L while taking lisinopril. Which medication class is most likely contributing?
Answer: Potassium-sparing diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone combined with ACE inhibitors significantly increase hyperkalemia risk.
Which of the following is the preferred initial treatment for mild persistent asthma in an ambulatory patient?
Answer: Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid daily
NAEPP guidelines recommend low-dose ICS as first-line controller therapy for mild persistent asthma.
A patient taking simvastatin 40 mg is prescribed clarithromycin for a respiratory infection. What is the most appropriate action?
Answer: Temporarily hold simvastatin during clarithromycin course
Clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor that markedly increases simvastatin levels, raising myopathy risk; statin should be held.
Which antihypertensive class is preferred in a patient with hypertension and a new diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
Answer: Beta-blockers (carvedilol, metoprolol succinate)
Evidence-based beta-blockers such as carvedilol and metoprolol succinate reduce mortality in HFrEF.
A patient on long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy should be monitored for deficiency of which nutrient?
Answer: Magnesium
Chronic PPI use reduces gastric acid needed for magnesium absorption, leading to hypomagnesemia.