CADC Study Guide 2026

Intravenous (IV) injection and inhalation (smoking) are the fastest routes of administration because they deliver the drug directly and quickly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system and reaching the brain in seconds. This rapid onset of intense effects is highly reinforcing and contributes to a greater potential for addiction.

The development of cocaine addiction typically progresses through stages like experimental use, social/recreational use, dysfunctional use, and eventually compulsive use. 'Isolated use' is not a recognized or typical stage in this progression. Addiction is characterized by a pattern of problematic, repeated use despite negative consequences, which usually involves more than just isolated instances.

Individuals who willingly seek drug treatment are often at various stages of change readiness, as described by the Transtheoretical Model of Change. They may be in contemplation, preparation, or even early action, but are not necessarily fully committed or ready for immediate, complete change. Counselors must assess each client's stage of change to tailor interventions effectively.

Harm reduction approaches view relapse as part of the recovery process rather than treatment failure, emphasizing re-engagement and learning from setbacks to reduce future risk.

A positive result on a screening tool like the CAGE (a score of 2 or higher is clinically significant) indicates the need for a more in-depth evaluation, not an immediate diagnosis or change in care level. Screening identifies potential problems, while a comprehensive assessment is required to define the nature of the problem, make a diagnosis, and develop a treatment plan.

Marlatt defined high-risk situations as any circumstance that threatens the individual's sense of self-control and increases the probability of relapse.