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Material Science Flashcards

7 cards from real AIT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Material Science flashcards as text

  1. Which material property is described by the area under a stress-strain curve up to the fracture point?

    Answer: Toughness

    Toughness is the energy per unit volume a material can absorb before fracturing, represented by the total area under the stress-strain curve.

  2. What is the main difference between low-carbon steel and high-carbon steel in a trade setting?

    Answer: Low-carbon steel is more weldable but less hard than high-carbon steel

    Low-carbon steel (mild steel) is easier to weld and more ductile, while high-carbon steel is harder and stronger but less weldable.

  3. What is galvanic corrosion and how is it prevented?

    Answer: Corrosion from dissimilar metals in electrical contact in the presence of an electrolyte; prevented by isolation or matching metals

    Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact in an electrolyte, with the less noble metal corroding faster; using insulating gaskets or compatible metals prevents it.

  4. In an apprenticeship context, why is it important to verify material certifications (Mill Test Reports) before use?

    Answer: To ensure the material meets required chemical and mechanical property standards for the application

    Mill Test Reports (MTRs) confirm that the material's chemical composition and mechanical properties meet the specified standards, ensuring safety and code compliance.

  5. Which heat treatment is applied to relieve residual stresses in welded structures without significantly changing hardness?

    Answer: Post-weld heat treatment (stress relieving)

    Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) or stress relieving heats the weldment to a temperature below the critical point and holds it there to reduce residual stresses without major hardness changes.

  6. What is the purpose of a 'grain structure' analysis in metals?

    Answer: To assess mechanical properties, processing history, and predict performance

    Grain structure analysis reveals information about the metal's processing history, mechanical properties, and can predict behavior under service conditions.

  7. When a blueprint calls for '304 SS' pipe, what material is specified?

    Answer: Type 304 stainless steel

    304 SS refers to Type 304 austenitic stainless steel, a common corrosion-resistant alloy containing approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel.