Material Science Flashcards
7 cards from real AIT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Material Science flashcards as text
When selecting pipe material for a system carrying mildly corrosive chemicals, which material property is MOST important?
Answer: Corrosion resistance
Corrosion resistance is the most critical property when selecting materials for systems handling corrosive substances.
What is 'temper embrittlement' in alloy steels?
Answer: A loss of toughness after tempering in a specific temperature range
Temper embrittlement is the reduction in toughness of alloy steels tempered or slowly cooled through the 375–575°C range, caused by impurity segregation.
Which non-destructive testing method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws in materials?
Answer: Ultrasonic testing
Ultrasonic testing (UT) uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal discontinuities and measure material thickness.
What is the eutectic composition in a binary alloy system?
Answer: The composition that melts and solidifies at a single temperature lower than either pure component
The eutectic composition is the specific alloy ratio that solidifies at the lowest possible temperature as a mixture of two phases simultaneously.
Which type of polymer becomes soft and moldable when heated and hardens when cooled, repeatedly?
Answer: Thermoplastic
Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled in a reversible process, allowing them to be remolded multiple times.
In materials testing, what does 'yield strength' represent?
Answer: The stress at which a material begins to deform permanently
Yield strength is the stress level at which a material transitions from elastic to plastic (permanent) deformation.
What causes 'work hardening' (strain hardening) in metals?
Answer: An increase in dislocation density due to plastic deformation
Work hardening occurs because plastic deformation increases dislocation density, and these dislocations impede each other's movement, making further deformation more difficult.