AI Knowledge Information 5

Question 1

What is the primary difference between 'parametric knowledge' and 'non-parametric knowledge' in AI systems?

Accepted Answer

Parametric knowledge is stored in model weights; non-parametric knowledge is stored in external databases

Answer

Parametric knowledge is encoded in a model's learned weights during training, while non-parametric knowledge is stored externally (e.g., in a vector DB or document store) and retrieved at inference time.

Question 2

Which SPARQL query keyword is used to retrieve triples from an RDF knowledge graph?

Accepted Answer

SELECT with WHERE patterns

Answer

SPARQL uses SELECT queries with WHERE clauses containing triple patterns (subject, predicate, object) to match and retrieve data from RDF graphs.

Question 3

What is 'multi-hop reasoning' in knowledge graphs and QA systems?

Accepted Answer

Answering a question by chaining multiple inference steps across graph edges

Answer

Multi-hop reasoning requires traversing multiple relationships in a knowledge graph or making several logical inferences to arrive at an answer that cannot be found in a single step.

Question 4

Why might an AI engineer choose hybrid retrieval (sparse + dense) over pure dense retrieval in a production RAG system?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid retrieval combines lexical exactness with semantic understanding, improving coverage

Answer

Hybrid retrieval leverages BM25's strength in exact keyword matching alongside dense embeddings' semantic similarity, reducing failure cases where one method alone would miss relevant documents.

Question 5

What is the role of 'reranking' in a two-stage retrieval pipeline?

Accepted Answer

Re-scoring a small candidate set using a higher-capacity model to improve final ranking quality

Answer

A reranker (e.g., a cross-encoder) takes the top-k candidates from a fast first-stage retriever and applies a more computationally expensive relevance model to produce a higher-quality final ranking.

AI - Engineer Practice Test

AI - Engineer Practice Test

AI Knowledge Information 5