AFCT General Science: Life and Biological 3

Question 1

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique cells with half the chromosomes

Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell (for growth and repair). Meiosis produces four genetically unique cells with half the chromosomes (for gamete/sex cell production).

Question 2

What is the function of the kidneys in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To filter blood, remove waste products, and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer

The kidneys filter approximately 180 liters of blood daily, removing metabolic waste products (primarily urea) through urine production while maintaining proper water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

Question 3

What is an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment

Answer

An ecosystem encompasses all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area and their interactions with non-living components (abiotic factors) such as water, soil, temperature, and sunlight.

Question 4

What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

To bind and transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body

Answer

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it through the bloodstream to cells throughout the body, also transporting some carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 5

What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive gene?

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele is expressed when one copy is present; a recessive allele requires two copies to be expressed

Answer

A dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype when at least one copy is present (heterozygous or homozygous). A recessive allele is only expressed when two copies are present (homozygous recessive), as the dominant allele masks its effect.

(AFCT) Armed Forces Classification Test Practice Test

(AFCT) Armed Forces Classification Test Practice Test

AFCT General Science: Life and Biological 3