General Science: Physical and Chemical Flashcards
6 cards from real AFCT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 General Science: Physical and Chemical flashcards as text
What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?
Answer: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma)
Newton's Second Law states that the net force acting on an object equals its mass multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma). This means acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Answer: Elements contain only one type of atom; compounds contain two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together
An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom (e.g., oxygen, gold, carbon). A compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together in fixed proportions (e.g., water H2O, salt NaCl).
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
The law of conservation of energy (First Law of Thermodynamics) states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant. Energy can change forms (kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, etc.) but the total amount is conserved.
What is the pH scale used to measure?
Answer: The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
The pH scale (0-14) measures how acidic or basic (alkaline) a solution is. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic. The scale is logarithmic, so each unit represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Answer: Heat is the total thermal energy transferred between objects; temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. A large object at a low temperature can contain more total thermal energy than a small object at a high temperature.
What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Answer: Covalent bond
A covalent bond forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve stable electron configurations. These bonds commonly form between nonmetal atoms and are the basis of molecular compounds.