AFAA Anatomy and Physiology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle is the primary mover during a squat exercise?
- Quadriceps (Correct answer)
- Hamstrings
- Gastrocnemius
- Tibialis anterior
Correct answer: Quadriceps
The quadriceps are the primary movers during the upward phase of a squat.
Question 2: What is the term for the joint movement that decreases the angle between two body segments?
- Extension
- Flexion (Correct answer)
- Abduction
- Adduction
Correct answer: Flexion
Flexion decreases the joint angle, such as bending the elbow or knee.
Question 3: Which energy system provides ATP for high-intensity exercise lasting 10–30 seconds?
- Oxidative system
- Glycolytic system (Correct answer)
- ATP-PCr system
- Beta-oxidation system
Correct answer: Glycolytic system
The glycolytic (anaerobic glycolysis) system predominates for efforts lasting roughly 10–120 seconds.
Question 4: The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that stabilize which joint?
- Hip
- Knee
- Elbow
- Shoulder (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Shoulder
The four rotator cuff muscles (SITS) stabilize and move the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.
Question 5: Which plane of motion divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) halves?
- Sagittal plane
- Transverse plane
- Frontal plane (Correct answer)
- Horizontal plane
Correct answer: Frontal plane
The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Question 6: What is the primary function of the erector spinae muscles?
- Hip flexion
- Spinal extension and postural support (Correct answer)
- Shoulder abduction
- Knee flexion
Correct answer: Spinal extension and postural support
The erector spinae extend the spine and maintain upright posture against gravity.
AFAA Anatomy and Physiology 1
Which muscle is the primary mover during a squat exercise?