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Environmental Health & Toxicology Flashcards

7 cards from real AEP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Environmental Health & Toxicology flashcards as text

  1. In human health risk assessment, cancer risk from chronic chemical exposure is calculated as:

    Answer: Risk = Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) × Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

    Cancer risk is determined by multiplying the Chronic Daily Intake by the Cancer Slope Factor (also called the oral slope factor or potency factor).

  2. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) used in non-cancer risk assessment is calculated as:

    Answer: Exposure dose divided by the reference dose

    HQ = Exposure Dose / Reference Dose; an HQ greater than 1.0 indicates potential concern for non-cancer adverse health effects.

  3. For residential sites with soil contamination, which exposure pathway typically contributes most to risk for young children?

    Answer: Incidental soil ingestion and dermal contact with soil

    Young children are especially vulnerable to soil ingestion (hand-to-mouth behavior) and dermal contact with contaminated surface soil at residential sites.

  4. ATSDR Toxicological Profiles serve which primary purpose in environmental health practice?

    Answer: Providing comprehensive health effects and exposure data for specific hazardous substances

    ATSDR Toxicological Profiles are peer-reviewed documents that comprehensively summarize health effects, exposure pathways, and toxicokinetic data for specific hazardous substances.

  5. Which statement most accurately describes the dose-response relationship in toxicology?

    Answer: The quantitative relationship between the amount of chemical exposure and the magnitude of biological effect in a population

    The dose-response relationship is the fundamental toxicological principle describing how the severity or frequency of an effect varies with dose.

  6. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are priority environmental contaminants primarily because they:

    Answer: Are persistent, lipophilic compounds that biomagnify through aquatic food chains

    PCBs are highly chlorinated, chemically stable compounds that resist degradation, partition into lipid-rich tissues, and concentrate at upper trophic levels.

  7. Which term describes a chemical that causes malformations or developmental defects in a developing fetus?

    Answer: Teratogen

    A teratogen is an agent that disrupts normal fetal development, causing structural or functional birth defects when exposure occurs during gestation.