Obstetric and Gynecological Emergencies Flashcards

Which of the following correctly describes placenta previa?

Answer: The placenta implants over or near the cervical os, causing painless bright-red vaginal bleeding

Placenta previa involves abnormal low implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening, producing painless bright red third-trimester bleeding.

Abruptio placentae is characterized by:

Answer: Painful dark vaginal bleeding with a rigid, board-like uterus

Abruptio placentae causes painful, dark vaginal bleeding with uterine rigidity because the placenta separates from the uterine wall, trapping blood.

In a field delivery, the umbilical cord should be clamped and cut:

Answer: Once the baby is breathing and crying; clamp at 2–3 cm and 5 cm from the navel

After confirming the neonate is stable and breathing, clamp the cord at two points (2–3 cm and 5 cm from the navel) and cut between the clamps.

A newborn is delivered and remains blue, limp, and apneic after 30 seconds of stimulation and warming. The NEXT step is:

Answer: Ventilate with a neonatal BVM at 40–60 breaths/min with 21% oxygen

For an apneic newborn who does not respond to initial stimulation, positive pressure ventilation at 40–60 breaths/min with room air (21% O2) is the priority intervention.

Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss exceeding how much after vaginal delivery?

Answer: 500 mL

Postpartum hemorrhage is traditionally defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL following a vaginal delivery.

The MOST common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is:

Answer: Uterine atony (failure of the uterus to contract)

Uterine atony, the failure of the uterus to contract after delivery, accounts for approximately 80% of postpartum hemorrhage cases.