AEMCA Toxicology and Substance Abuse 2

Question 1

Which antidote is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose?

Accepted Answer

Flumazenil

Answer

Naloxone

Answer

N-acetylcysteine

Answer

Physostigmine

Question 2

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is best treated prehospitally with:

Accepted Answer

100% oxygen via non-rebreather mask

Answer

21% oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min

Answer

Activated charcoal administration

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate IV

Question 3

A patient with an unknown ingestion has a high anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances, and elevated osmol gap. Which toxic ingestion is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Methanol

Answer

Cocaine

Answer

Opioids

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Question 4

Within what time frame after ingestion is activated charcoal most effective for most overdoses?

Accepted Answer

Within 1 hour of ingestion

Answer

Within 15 minutes only

Answer

Within 4 hours of ingestion

Answer

Time does not affect charcoal efficacy

Question 5

A patient presents with hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability after starting a new antipsychotic medication. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Answer

Serotonin syndrome

Answer

Cocaine toxicity

Answer

Anticholinergic toxidrome

Question 6

Which of the following findings is most consistent with the anticholinergic toxidrome?

Accepted Answer

Dry, flushed skin and urinary retention

Answer

Miosis (pinpoint pupils)

Answer

Bradycardia and hypotension

Answer

Excessive salivation and bronchospasm

Question 7

What acid-base disturbance pattern is classically associated with aspirin (salicylate) overdose?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis progressing to metabolic acidosis

Answer

Opioid-like respiratory acidosis only

Answer

Pure metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Immediate metabolic acidosis without respiratory change