Dental Pharmacology Flashcards
6 cards from real ADAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Dental Pharmacology flashcards as text
Which sedative-hypnotic drug is most commonly used for conscious sedation in dental offices in the US?
Answer: Midazolam
Midazolam is most commonly used for IV conscious sedation due to its rapid onset, short duration, and amnestic properties.
A dental patient reports taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. What is the primary concern with invasive dental procedures?
Answer: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
Bisphosphonates impair osteoclast function and bone remodeling, increasing the risk of MRONJ after invasive dental procedures.
What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepine overdose during dental sedation?
Answer: Flumazenil
Flumazenil is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that rapidly reverses benzodiazepine-induced sedation.
Which class of antibiotics should be avoided in patients with a history of penicillin anaphylaxis due to potential cross-reactivity?
Answer: First-generation cephalosporins
First-generation cephalosporins share similar R1 side chains with penicillins, conferring the highest cross-reactivity risk among cephalosporins.
Nitrous oxide used in dental sedation acts primarily by which mechanism?
Answer: NMDA receptor antagonism and endogenous opioid release
Nitrous oxide produces sedation and analgesia primarily through NMDA receptor antagonism and stimulation of endogenous opioid release.
Which antibiotic regimen is recommended by the AHA for infective endocarditis prophylaxis before dental procedures in high-risk patients who are allergic to penicillin?
Answer: Azithromycin 500 mg PO 1 hour before
The AHA recommends azithromycin or clarithromycin 500 mg PO for penicillin-allergic patients requiring IE prophylaxis (clindamycin was removed from 2021 guidelines).