Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Clinical Assessment & Diagnosis 2

Question 1

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) value diagnostic of significant peripheral arterial disease is:

Accepted Answer

0.9 or less

Answer

Greater than 1.3

Answer

1.0 to 1.2

Answer

0.5 to 0.7 only with symptoms

Question 2

The most sensitive early indicator of acute kidney injury is:

Accepted Answer

Rise in serum creatinine by 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours or 1.5× baseline within 7 days

Answer

Serum BUN elevation

Answer

Oliguria lasting more than 12 hours

Answer

Hematuria on urinalysis

Question 3

On auscultation, a harsh systolic ejection murmur radiating to the carotids in an older adult most suggests:

Accepted Answer

Aortic stenosis

Answer

Mitral regurgitation

Answer

Pulmonary stenosis

Answer

Ventricular septal defect

Question 4

Kussmaul breathing, the deep, labored respiratory pattern, is a clinical sign of:

Accepted Answer

Severe metabolic acidosis requiring respiratory compensation

Answer

Pulmonary embolism causing hypoxia

Answer

Hyperventilation syndrome from anxiety

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 5

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the most sensitive test for screening thyroid dysfunction because:

Accepted Answer

Pituitary TSH responds exponentially to small changes in free T4 and T3 levels

Answer

TSH directly measures thyroid hormone production

Answer

TSH testing is less expensive than free T4 measurement

Answer

TSH reflects tissue-level thyroid hormone activity

Question 6

The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is used to diagnose:

Accepted Answer

Delirium in hospitalized patients based on four core features

Answer

Chronic dementia in community-dwelling older adults

Answer

Depression severity in post-operative patients

Answer

Medication-induced cognitive impairment