Infection Control and Safety Flashcards

Which hepatitis virus is most commonly transmitted via contaminated dental instruments?

Answer: Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary bloodborne pathogen of concern in dentistry due to its high survival rate on surfaces and low infectious dose.

What is the minimum contact time required for a high-level disinfectant to achieve its labeled efficacy?

Answer: The manufacturer's specified contact time

Disinfectants must remain wet on the surface for the full manufacturer-specified contact time to achieve the labeled level of kill.

Which CDC transmission-based precaution category applies to patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis?

Answer: Airborne precautions

Pulmonary TB is transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei (<5 µm) and requires airborne precautions including an N95 respirator.

A dental hygienist recaps a needle using the one-hand scoop technique. This practice is intended to:

Answer: Reduce the risk of needlestick injury

The one-hand scoop technique keeps the non-dominant hand away from the needle, significantly reducing the risk of an accidental needlestick.

Which item requires sterilization rather than disinfection before reuse on another patient?

Answer: Dental explorer

A dental explorer is a critical instrument that penetrates soft tissue, requiring sterilization between every patient use.

Spaulding's classification categorizes dental handpieces as:

Answer: Critical

Dental handpieces are classified as critical instruments because they penetrate soft tissue and bone, requiring sterilization between patients.

After an accidental needlestick exposure, the first action the dental hygienist should take is:

Answer: Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water

Immediate thorough washing of the wound with soap and water is the first recommended step after a needlestick or sharps injury.