Pharmacology Flashcards

Which drug schedule classification includes medications with the highest accepted medical use but moderate-to-low potential for dependence?

Answer: Schedule III

Schedule III drugs have accepted medical use and moderate-to-low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

Nitrous oxide used in dentistry produces its primary effect by acting as a:

Answer: Central nervous system depressant

Nitrous oxide is an inhalation sedative that depresses the CNS to produce analgesia and anxiolysis.

A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) is scheduled for extraction. Which concern is most important for the dental team?

Answer: Prolonged bleeding time

Warfarin is an anticoagulant that inhibits clotting factors, significantly prolonging bleeding time after invasive procedures.

Which of the following is classified as a non-opioid analgesic commonly recommended for mild dental pain?

Answer: Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is an NSAID and non-opioid analgesic frequently used for mild-to-moderate dental pain and inflammation.

What is the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen for a healthy adult to avoid hepatotoxicity?

Answer: 4,000 mg

The maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for a healthy adult is 4,000 mg, though 3,000 mg is often recommended to provide a safety margin.

Epinephrine is added to local anesthetic solutions in dentistry primarily to:

Answer: Prolong anesthetic duration and reduce systemic absorption

Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, which slows absorption of the anesthetic into the bloodstream and prolongs its duration of action.

Which antibiotic is the first-line choice for prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in dental patients with cardiac risk factors?

Answer: Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin 2 g orally one hour before the procedure is the AHA-recommended first-line antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis.