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File System and Storage Flashcards

7 cards from real ACSP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 File System and Storage flashcards as text

  1. A user reports that their external SSD is not appearing in Finder but shows up in Disk Utility. What is the most likely cause?

    Answer: The volume is not mounted

    When a drive appears in Disk Utility but not Finder, it typically means the volume exists but is unmounted and needs to be mounted manually.

  2. Which macOS command-line tool can be used to display detailed information about disk partitions and their GUIDs?

    Answer: diskutil list

    The `diskutil list` command displays all disks and partitions including their types, sizes, and identifiers on macOS.

  3. What happens to a file's data when it is moved to the Trash on an APFS volume and then the Trash is emptied?

    Answer: The file's space is marked as free but data may persist until overwritten

    Emptying the Trash marks the file's storage blocks as available but does not immediately overwrite the data, so forensic tools may recover it.

  4. A technician needs to enable journaling on an HFS+ volume via Terminal. Which command accomplishes this?

    Answer: diskutil enableJournal /dev/disk2s1

    The `diskutil enableJournal` command enables HFS+ journaling on the specified volume, improving crash recovery.

  5. Which APFS feature automatically reclaims space from deleted files and snapshots without requiring user intervention?

    Answer: Trim support

    APFS supports TRIM, which signals the SSD controller to erase blocks from deleted files promptly, maintaining performance and reclaiming space.

  6. A Mac with Apple silicon displays 'Your disk appears to be damaged' during startup. What is the first recommended step?

    Answer: Boot to macOS Recovery and run First Aid in Disk Utility

    Booting to macOS Recovery and running First Aid in Disk Utility is the first non-destructive step to diagnose and repair file system errors.

  7. What is the purpose of the 'Preboot' volume in an APFS container on Apple silicon Macs?

    Answer: It contains boot data and system policy for each installed macOS volume

    The Preboot volume stores per-OS boot files, cryptographic measurements, and system security policy needed to start each macOS installation.