Ace Group Fitness Test Exercise Science Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which energy system is the PRIMARY fuel source during the first 10 seconds of a maximal sprint?
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Anaerobic glycolysis
- Phosphocreatine (ATP-PC) system (Correct answer)
- Beta-oxidation
Correct answer: Phosphocreatine (ATP-PC) system
The phosphocreatine system provides immediate ATP for high-intensity efforts lasting up to ~10 seconds without requiring oxygen.
Question 2: What does the term 'sliding filament theory' describe?
- How tendons transmit force to bone
- How actin and myosin filaments overlap to produce muscle contraction (Correct answer)
- How motor neurons signal the neuromuscular junction
- How calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Correct answer: How actin and myosin filaments overlap to produce muscle contraction
The sliding filament theory explains that actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere and generating force.
Question 3: Which of the following BEST defines 'stroke volume' in cardiovascular physiology?
- Total blood volume circulated per minute
- Heart rate multiplied by body weight
- Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat (Correct answer)
- Pressure difference between systolic and diastolic values
Correct answer: Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat
Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat, typically 70 mL at rest.
Question 4: A participant's muscle fiber predominantly contains Type I (slow-twitch) fibers. Which activity would BEST match this profile?
- 100-meter dash
- Olympic weightlifting
- 45-minute cycle endurance ride (Correct answer)
- Vertical jump test
Correct answer: 45-minute cycle endurance ride
Type I fibers are highly oxidative and fatigue-resistant, making them ideal for prolonged, moderate-intensity aerobic activities.
Question 5: Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels during prolonged aerobic exercise?
- Testosterone
- Cortisol
- Glucagon (Correct answer)
- Aldosterone
Correct answer: Glucagon
Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver to maintain blood glucose when levels drop during sustained exercise.
Question 6: What is the definition of 'cardiac output'?
- Stroke volume minus resting heart rate
- Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (Correct answer)
- Maximum oxygen consumption during exercise
- Blood pressure at peak exertion
Correct answer: Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
Cardiac output (Q) = heart rate × stroke volume, representing the total volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.
Question 7: During an eccentric muscle contraction, what happens to the muscle?
- The muscle shortens while developing tension
- The muscle length stays constant while force is produced
- The muscle lengthens while developing tension (Correct answer)
- No force is produced as the muscle relaxes
Correct answer: The muscle lengthens while developing tension
Eccentric contractions occur when the muscle generates force while lengthening, such as lowering a weight under control.
Ace Group Fitness Test Exercise Science Fundamentals 2
Which energy system is the PRIMARY fuel source during the first 10 seconds of a maximal sprint?