ACCS Hemodynamic Monitoring and Shock Management

Question 1

What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) recommended for critically ill adults to ensure adequate organ perfusion?

Accepted Answer

65–100 mmHg

Answer

40–50 mmHg

Answer

110–130 mmHg

Answer

20–40 mmHg

Question 2

Which hemodynamic parameter best reflects left ventricular preload in a critically ill patient?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)

Answer

Central venous pressure (CVP)

Answer

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Answer

Cardiac output (CO)

Question 3

A patient in cardiogenic shock would most likely present with which hemodynamic profile?

Accepted Answer

Decreased CO and elevated SVR

Answer

Elevated CO and decreased SVR

Answer

Normal CO and normal SVR

Answer

Elevated CO and elevated SVR

Question 4

Which type of shock is classically characterized by distributive physiology with markedly low systemic vascular resistance?

Accepted Answer

Septic shock

Answer

Cardiogenic shock

Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Answer

Obstructive shock

Question 5

The Fick equation is primarily used to calculate which hemodynamic parameter?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Mean arterial pressure

Answer

Pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer

Stroke volume variation

Question 6

What is the normal cardiac index (CI) range for adult patients?

Accepted Answer

2.2–4.0 L/min/m²

Answer

0.5–1.0 L/min/m²

Answer

4.5–6.5 L/min/m²

Answer

1.0–2.0 L/min/m²

Question 7

Which waveform characteristic indicates proper pulmonary artery catheter wedge position?

Accepted Answer

Loss of pulsatile waveform with a low, flat pressure tracing

Answer

Large a and v waves with x and y descents

Answer

Elevated diastolic pressure equal to systolic pressure

Answer

Bifid waveform with prominent respiratory variation